Table 5.

Main model (Fig. 1): SEM results.

Structural Path	Unstandardized estimates	Critical Ratio	p-value
Perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 → Perceived protection benefit of vaccine for travel (H1)	.402	14.82	***
Perceived severity of COVID-19 → Perceived protection benefit of vaccine for travel (H2)	.788	12.91	***
Perceived protection benefits of the vaccine for travel → Willingness to vaccinate for COVID-19 prior to any travel (H3)	.906	24.70	***
Perceived protection benefits of the vaccine for travel → Belief that others should vaccinate for COVID-19 prior to any travel (H4)	1.11	42.14	***
Willingness to vaccinate for COVID-19 prior to any travel → Support for COVID-19 vaccination requirement prior to travel (H5)	.252	6.17	***
The belief that others should vaccinate for COVID-19 prior to any travel → Support for COVID-19 vaccination requirement prior to travel (H6)	.464	12.70	***
Trust in the information provided by the government about COVID-19 risk → Perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (H7)	.040	2.44	**
Trust in the information provided by the government about COVID-19 risk → Perceived severity of COVID-19 (H8)	.088	9.20	***
Trust in the information provided by scientists about COVID-19 risk → Perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (H9)	.254	12.04	***
Trust in the information provided by scientists about COVID-19 risk→ Perceived severity of COVID-19 (H10)	.064	2.41	**
Trust in the information provided by media about COVID-19 risk → Perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (H11)	.244	9.20	***
Trust in the information provided by media about COVID-19 risk → Perceived severity (H12)	.292	9.76	***

*** indicates significance at p < .001; * indicates significance at p < .05. The amount of variance explained (squared multiple correlations) in the final dependent construct—support for COVID-19 vaccination requirement prior to travel — was determined using Cohen's f², a measure of effect size. The overall model was (R² = 0.684).