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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychology. 2021 May 20;35(5):472–485. doi: 10.1037/neu0000747

Table 2.

Descriptive Statistics and Group Comparisons1 of Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Trial 1 Performance for Healthy comparison (HC, n = 72), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI, n = 53) Groups, and Simulator (SIM, n = 52)

HC TBI SIM Significant
Variable M SD M SD M SD H(2) p η 2 Contrasts
Trial 1 Accuracy
 47.29 3.20 44.00 4.92 36.48 7.92 65.18 < .001 .38 HC > TBI > SIM
Effort-Max 2.70 0.31 2.53 0.25 2.95 0.44 30.95 < .001 .18 SIM > HC > TBI
View-Familiar (Max) 2.66 0.31 2.47 0.24 2.89 0.43 33.00 < .001 .19 SIM > HC > TBI
View-Unfamiliar (Max) 2.64 0.31 2.46 0.25 2.88 0.43 32.02 < .001 .18 SIM > HC > TBI
Response-Familiar (Max) 2.71 0.30 2.53 0.25 2.95 0.44 31.34 < .001 .18 SIM > HC > TBI
Response-Unfamiliar (Max)
 2.76 0.32 2.52 0.22 2.98 0.44 34.02 < .001 .23 SIM > HC > TBI
Effort-Baseline 2.43 0.29 2.22 0.21 2.52 0.38 26.55 < .001 .15 SIM = HC > TBI
View-Familiar (Baseline) 2.48 0.29 2.27 0.22 2.61 0.38 28.98 < .001 .17 SIM > HC > TBI
View-Unfamiliar (Baseline) 2.49 0.29 2.29 0.23 2.61 0.38 26.26 < .001 .15 SIM = HC > TBI
Response-Familiar (Baseline) 2.44 0.28 2.22 0.21 2.52 0.38 28.23 < .001 .16 SIM = HC > TBI
Response-Unfamiliar (Baseline)
 2.40 0.32 2.19 0.21 2.53 0.39 26.02 < .001 .18 SIM = HC > TBI
Effort-Range 0.27 0.09 0.31 0.10 0.43 0.20 28.23 < .001 .16 SIM > TBI > HC
Familiarity-Difference 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 10.07 .007 .06 HC = TBI > SIM
Trial 2 Accuracy
 49.61 0.98 48.94 2.24 38.76 9.73 73.62 < .001 .43 HC > TBI > SIM
Effort-Max 2.66 0.34 2.51 0.25 2.90 0.42 26.37 < .001 .15 SIM > HC > TBI
View-Familiar (Max) 2.62 0.34 2.47 0.27 2.83 0.40 25.23 < .001 .15 SIM > HC > TBI
View-Unfamiliar (Max) 2.61 0.34 2.45 0.24 2.83 0.40 28.05 < .001 .16 SIM > HC > TBI
Response-Familiar (Max) 2.67 0.34 2.51 0.25 2.90 0.41 26.63 < .001 .16 SIM > HC > TBI
Response-Unfamiliar (Max)
 2.63 0.34 2.49 0.29 2.94 0.46 16.05 < .001 .20 SIM > HC = TBI
Effort-Baseline 2.43 0.32 2.23 0.22 2.50 0.36 20.76 < .001 .12 SIM = HC > TBI
View-Familiar (Baseline) 2.48 0.33 2.30 0.26 2.58 0.36 20.67 < .001 .12 SIM = HC > TBI
View-Unfamiliar (Baseline) 2.48 0.33 2.28 0.22 2.58 0.37 22.81 < .001 .13 SIM = HC > TBI
Response-Familiar (Baseline) 2.44 0.31 2.23 0.22 2.50 0.35 22.01 < .001 .13 SIM = HC > TBI
Response-Unfamiliar (Baseline)
 2.34 0.29 2.21 0.22 2.50 0.39 9.97 .007 .13 SIM = HC > TBI
Effort-Range 0.23 0.08 0.29 0.10 0.40 0.21 31.34 < .001 .18 SIM > TBI > HC
Familiarity-Difference 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 4.52 < .001 .03 TBI = SIM, HC;
HC > SIM

Note. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Effect size η2 estimated from Kruskal-Wallis H. See Table 1 for variable abbreviation key.