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. 2021 Jun 15;45(9):1899–1913. doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00867-6

Table 1.

Genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity retrieved from the 59 included studies.

Gene Variant SNP ID Country Cases (n) Controls (n) Clinical phenotype OR 95% CI P value Reference
ABCA1 G > A rs2230806 Egypt 128 128 Obesity 2.75 1.19–6.36 0.042 [69]
ACE 287-bp Alu ins/del in intron 16 – Tunisia 259 302 Obesity NR NR NR [70]
ACE 287-bp Alu ins/del in intron 16 – Egypt 70 72 Obesity 3.45 1.26–9.48 0.005 [71]
ADIPOQ +2019delA – Tunisia 160 169 Obesity NR NR NR [72]
ADIPOQ c.11374 C > G – Tunisia 160 169 Obesity NR NR NR [72]
ADIPOQ c.164 C > T – Jordan 389 – Obesity NR NR 0.000 [73]
ADIPOQ G > T rs1501299 Egypt 100 97 Obesity 4.23 2.8–6.4 0.000 [74]
ADIPOQ G > T rs1501299 Jordan 389 – Obesity NR NR 0.000 [73]
ADIPOQ G > T rs1501299 Tunisia 160 169 Obesity 0.64 0.409–0.917 0.039 [72]
ADIPOQ G > T rs1501299 Tunisia 400 721 Obesity 0.603 0.467–0.779 0.001 [75]
ADIPOQ −11391 G/A rs17300539 Tunisia 160 169 Obesity 1.68 1.040–3.110 0.044 [72]
ADIPOQ c.639 C > T rs3821799 Tunisia 160 169 Obesity 1.85 1.110–3.100 0.018 [72]
ADIPOQ c.4552 C > T rs822393 Tunisia 400 721 Obesity 1.52 1.230–1.994 0.001 [75]
ADRB2 Arg16Gly rs1042713 Saudi Arabia 214 115 Obesity 3.38 1.456–7.822 0.0001 [76]
ADRB3 Trp64Arg rs4994 Saudi Arabia 214 115 Obesity 7 2–24 0.0004 [77]
AGT M235T rs699 Tunisia 259 302 Obesity 0.29 0.19–0.44 0.001 [70]
APLN – rs3115757 Egypt 112 39 Obesity 12.09 1.39–104.85 0.024 [78]
APOA2 c.−492T > C – Egypt 196 107 Obesity NR NR 0.001 [79]
APOA2 c.−265T > C rs5082 Egypt 240 260 Obesity NR NR 0.001 [80]
APOA5 c.56 C > G rs3135506 Morocco 164 295 Obesity 3.16 1.52–6.62 0.002 [81]
APOA5 c.−1131T > C rs662799 Morocco 164 295 Obesity 4.13 1.86–9.03 0.0001 [81]
ARAP1 G > T rs1552224* Saudi Arabia 1800 423 Obesity 1.5 1.0–2.3 0.04 [82]
ASAH1 C > T rs17126232 United Arab Emirates 80 – Obesity NR NR NR [83]
BDNF T > A rs10767664 Saudi Arabia 204 NR Obesity 1.923 1.32–2.81 0.00072 [84]
CD36 G > A rs1761667 Algeria 83 82 Obesity 1.63 1.04–2.55 0.041 [85]
ENPP1 K121Q rs1044498 Morocco 503 412 Obesity 1.91 1.27–2.85 0.002 [86]
EXT2 – rs3740878* Egypt 37 37 Obesity 6 2.0–17.6 0.001 [87]
FTO G > T rs17817449 Egypt 37 37 Obesity 2.4 1.0–5.5 0.036 [87]
FTO G > T rs17817449 Saudi Arabia 106 106 Obesity 1.75 1.02–3.03 0.043 [88]
FTO G > T rs3751812 United Arab Emirates 318 392 Obesity 1.47 1.09–1.99 0.011 [89]
FTO G > T rs3751812 Saudi Arabia 204 NR obesity 1.523 1.08–2.15 0.016 [84]
FTO C > A rs11642841 Saudi Arabia 1800 423 Obesity 1.5 1.1–2.1 0.01 [82]
FTO T > C rs1421085 United Arab Emirates 915 – Obesity NR NR 0.0041 [90]
FTO T > C rs1421085 Saudi Arabia 136 104 Obesity 2.5 1.13–5.55 0.023 [91]
FTO T > A rs9939609 Egypt 110 122 Obesity 1.89 1.29–2.78 0.001 [32]
FTO T > A rs9939609 Saudi Arabia 20 166 Obesity NR NR [92]
FTO T > A rs9939609 Kuwait 674 214 Obesity 1.47 1.01–2.12 0.041 [93]
FTO T > A rs9939609 United Arab Emirates 315 98 Obesity NR NR 0.027 [90]
FTO T > A rs9939609 Iraq 120 50 Obesity NR NR NR [94]
FTO T > A rs9939609 Iraq 120 60 Obesity NR NR 0.031 [95]
FTO T > A rs9939609 Saudi Arabia 136 104 Obesity 2.97 1.30–6.79 0.009 [91]
FTO T > A rs9939609 Tunisia 494 334 Obesity 1.7 1.29–2.25 0.001 [96]
GC GT rs7041* Bahrain 406 – Obesity NR NR 0.012 [97]
GCKR T > C rs780094 Egypt 37 37 Obesity 3.6 1.6–7.9 0.001 [87]
GNB3 c.825 C > T rs5443 Saudi Arabia 106 106 Obesity 6.68 3.26–13.69 0.0001 [88]
GNPDA2 A > G rs10938397 Qatar 614 190 Obesity 2.4 1.27–4.56 0.0266 [98]
IGF2BP2 G > T rs4402960 Tunisia 256 90 Obesity and T2D 2.06 1.40–3.03 0.0001 [99]
IL-6 G > T rs1554606* Saudi Arabia 204 – Obesity 1.55 1.08–2.22 0.024 [100]
IL-6 c.174 G/C rs1800795* Egypt 85 64 Obesity NR NR 0.000 [101]
LEP c.104 T > G** – Egypt 80 – Obesity NR NR NR [36]
LEP c.34delC** – Egypt 80 – Obesity NR NR NR [36]
LEP c.313 C > T rs104894023 Egypt 80 – Obesity NR NR NR [36]
LEP 3’ UTR A/C rs11761556* Tunisia 160 169 Obesity 2.63 1.13–6.11 0.025 [102]
LEP G/A rs1349419 Tunisia 27 6 Obesity NR NR 0.039 [65]
LEP G > A rs2167270 Tunisia 27 6 Obesity NR NR 0.039 [65]
LEP c.2548 G > A rs7799039* Tunisia 160 169 Obesity 1.87 1.106–2.78 0.028 [102]
LEP c.2548 G > A rs7799039* Tunisia 400 721 Obesity 2.36 1.75–3.18 0.001 [75]
LEP c.2548 G > A rs7799039* Tunisia 160 169 Obesity and MetS 3.405 1.78–6.48 0.001 [103]
LEP c.2548 G > A rs7799039* Tunisia 229 251 Obesity NR NR 0.001 [64]
LEP Tetranucleotide repeat (TTTC)n Egypt 120 83 Obesity and MS 14.6 5.5–38.6 0.000 [66]
LEPR p.Lys109Arg rs1137100 Tunisia 160 169 Obesity 0.399 0.179–0.892 0.025 [102]
LEPR p.Gln223Arg rs1137101 Tunisia 160 169 Obesity 1.41 1.035–1.85 0.045 [102]
LEPR p.Gln223Arg rs1137101 Egypt 110 122 Obesity 2.21 1.30–3.74 0.004 [32]
LEPR c.3057 G > A rs62589000 Tunisia 393 317 Obesity 2.73 1.03–7.21 0.042 [31]
LOC284260, RIT2 G/A rs7239883 United Arab Emirates 915 – Obesity NR NR 0.0075 [104]
LPL C > T rs285* Egypt 120 83 Obesity 6.6 1.9–22.9 0.000 [105]
MC4R T > C rs17782313 United Arab Emirates 318 392 Obesity 1.35 1.00–1.81 0.048 [89]
MC4R T > C rs17782313 Saudi Arabia 136 104 Obesity 1.72 1.02–2.89 0.038 [91]
MC4R C > A rs571312 United Arab Emirates 318 392 Obesity 1.39 1.03–1.87 0.03 [89]
MMP-1 −519 A/G rs1144393* Tunisia 168 202 Obesity 1.61 1.07–2.44 0.02 [106]
MMP-12 c.82 A > G rs2276109* Tunisia 168 202 Obesity 2.39 1.36–4.2 0.002 [106]
MMP-3 Lys45Glu (A > G) rs679620 Tunisia 168 202 Obesity 4.93 1.84–13.32 0.002 [106]
MMP-7 −181 A/G rs11568818* Tunisia 168 202 Obesity 3.68 1.40–6.71 0.01 [106]
MTHFD1 c.1958G > A rs2236225* Egypt 37 37 Obesity 4.6 0.9–23.6 0.050 [87]
MTHFR c.677 C > T rs1801133 Egypt 51 30 Obesity 13.5 2.82–64.67 0.001 [107]
NOS3 c.894 G > T rs1799983 Tunisia 183 211 Obesity 2.62 0.99–6.92 0.04 [108]
NOS3 4a/b* Tunisia 183 211 Obesity 1.72 1.16–2.56 0.004 [108]
PPARG C > G rs1801282 Egypt 37 37 Obesity 3.4 1.6–7.2 0.001 [87]
PPARG C > G rs1801282 Tunisia 262 83 Obesity 3.4 1.6–7.2 0.001 [109]
PRDM16 – rs2651899* Saudi Arabia 89 84 Obesity 44.6 11.5984–172.0157 0.0001 [110]
PROX1 – rs1704198 United Arab Emirates 80 – Obesity NR NR NR [83]
PTGS1 – rs5788* Egypt 37 37 Obesity 3.3 1.4–7.9 0.006 [87]
RETN −420 C > G rs1862513* Egypt 145 155 Obesity 3.06 1.49–6.26 0.014 [111]
RETN −420 C > G rs1862513* Tunisia 400 721 Obesity 1.48 1.09–2 0.011 [75]
RETN −420 C > G rs1862513* Tunisia 160 169 Obesity and MetS 2.22 1.39–3.56 0.001 [112]
RETN c.+299 G > A rs3745367 Egypt 145 155 Obesity 3.53 1.65–7.52 0.005 [111]
STAT4 G > T rs7574865* Egypt 37 37 Obesity and diabetes 4 1.7–9.5 0.001 [87]
TCF7L2 C > T rs7903146 Saudi Arabia 1800 423 Obesity 1.4 1.0–1.8 0.03 [82]
TCF7L2 C > T rs7903146 Lebanon 308 – Obesity NR NR 0.001 [113]
TCN2 c.67 A > G rs9606756* Kuwait 1260 1272 T1D NR NR 0.0132 [114]
TFAP2B A > G rs987237 Qatar 614 190 Obesity 0.79 0.54–1.15 0.0014 [98]
TMEM18 A > C rs12463617 United Arab Emirates 318 392 Obesity 0.7 0.51–0.95 0.023 [89]
TP53 C > G rs1042522* Saudi Arabia 136 122 Obesity 2.169 1.086–4.334 0.02716 [115]
UCP1 A > G rs1800592 Saudi Arabia 337 155 Moderate and extreme obesity 1.52 1.10–2.08 0.009 [116]
UCP1 – rs3811791 Saudi Arabia 337 155 Moderate obesity 2.89 1.33–6.25 0. 007 [116]
UCP2 45-bp ins/del – Saudi Arabia 86 65 Severe obesity 0.18 0.07–0.44 0.0004 [117]
UCP2 45-bp ins/del – Saudi Arabia 84 29 Obesity and T2D 0.18 0.07–0.44 0.0004 [118]
USP37 – rs492400 United Arab Emirates 915 – Obesity NR NR 0.0096 [104]
VDR Bsm-I rs1544410 Saudi Arabia 402 489 Obesity NR NR 0.028 [119]
VDR Bsm-I rs1544410 Saudi Arabia 200 100 Obesity NR NR 0.042 [120]
VDR TaqI rs731236 Saudi Arabia 402 489 Obesity NR NR 0.009 [119]
VDR TaqI rs731236 Saudi Arabia 200 100 Obesity NR NR 0.021 [120]
VDR TaqI rs731236 Egypt 50 60 Obesity 2.33 1.34–4.1 0.003 [121]

CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, NR not reported

*Unique genotype–phenotype correlation.

**Unique variant.