Table 1.

Mean number of adiposity-increasing risk alleles of the three child GRSs (child BMI-GRS, child obesity-GRS, and child adiposity-GRS) within the three groups of children.

Child genetic risk scores (GRSs)	REF		CH-OW			MO-OW
	N	Mean (SD)	N	Mean (SD)	P for difference between the CH-OW and the REF groups	N	Mean (SD)	P for difference between the MO-OW and the REF groups
Child BMI-GRS (N = 26 SNPs)
Number of weighted BMI- increasing risk alleles	499	25.6 (2.5)	762	26.7 (2.6)	6.7E−15	413	26.2 (2.4)	1.7E−05
Child obesity-GRS (N = 17 SNPs)
Number of weighted obesity-increasing risk alleles	499	15.1 (2.6)	762	16.0 (2.6)	1.4E−10	413	15.7 (2.5)	2.7E−04
Child adiposity-GRS (N = 31 SNPs)
Number of unweighted adiposity-increasing risk alleles	499	30.7 (3.2)	762	32.0 (3.2)	2.2E−11	413	31.3 (3.1)	5.6E−03

The child BMI-GRS was comprised of 26 childhood BMI-associated variants, meaning that each child carried 52 alleles that were either BMI-increasing or decreasing. The child obesity-GRS was comprised of 17 childhood obesity-associated variants, meaning that each child carried 34 alleles that were either obesity risk-increasing or decreasing. The child adiposity-GRS was comprised of 31 adiposity-associated variants, meaning that each child carried 62 alleles that were either adiposity-increasing or decreasing. The GRSs are expressed as the number of BMI/obesity/adiposity-increasing alleles, respectively. We tested for differences in the GRSs between the groups of children in the CH-OW and MO-OW groups and the REF group using t-tests.

CH-OW group children with overweight and their mothers group, GRS genetic risk score, MO-OW group mothers with overweight and their children group, REF group reference group (randomly selected mothers and their children).