Table 3.
Abbreviated Results from Latent Change Score Models of Cognitive Functioning among Mexican Adults age 50+ (n=14,245).
| Verbal Learning | Verbal Recall | Visual Scanning | Verbal Fluency | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | |
|
| ||||||||
| Effects of Variables on Baseline Cognition | ||||||||
| Solid Cooking Fuel | −0.52*** | 0.10 | −0.11 | 0.06 | −3.90*** | 0.33 | −0.66*** | 0.13 |
| Age | −0.11*** | 0.00 | −0.07*** | 0.00 | −0.49*** | 0.01 | −0.11*** | 0.00 |
| Education | 0.24*** | 0.01 | 0.09*** | 0.00 | 1.45*** | 0.03 | 0.36*** | 0.01 |
| Female | 1.04*** | 0.06 | 0.58*** | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.24 | −0.25** | 0.09 |
| Indigenous Dialect | −0.45*** | 0.11 | −0.05 | 0.06 | −1.64*** | 0.39 | −1.32*** | 0.15 |
| Married | 0.24*** | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 1.07*** | 0.24 | 0.29*** | 0.09 |
| Locality Size | −0.16*** | 0.03 | −0.05*** | 0.02 | −0.93*** | 0.09 | −0.18*** | 0.04 |
| Wealth Decile | 0.03** | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.16*** | 0.04 | 0.05*** | 0.01 |
| Ever Smoke | 0.15* | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 1.27*** | 0.23 | 0.63*** | 0.09 |
| Health Insurance | 0.33*** | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.25* | 0.11 |
| Chronic Condition Count | −0.02 | 0.03 | −0.02 | 0.02 | −0.70*** | 0.11 | −0.05 | 0.04 |
| Effects of Variables on Cognitive Change | ||||||||
| Score Time(t-1) | −0.10*** | 0.03 | −0.08* | 0.03 | −0.12*** | 0.02 | −0.14*** | 0.03 |
| Solid Cooking Fuel | −0.18* | 0.07 | −0.07 | 0.04 | −1.00*** | 0.24 | −0.33*** | 0.09 |
| Age | −0.03*** | 0.00 | −0.01*** | 0.00 | −0.12*** | 0.01 | −0.04*** | 0.00 |
| Education | 0.03** | 0.01 | 0.01* | 0.00 | 0.16*** | 0.04 | 0.05*** | 0.01 |
| Female | 0.18*** | 0.05 | 0.09** | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.15 | −0.02 | 0.06 |
| Indigenous Dialect | −0.29*** | 0.08 | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.58* | 0.24 | −0.26* | 0.10 |
| Married | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.02 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
| Locality Size | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Wealth Decile | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Ever Smoke | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.15 | −0.05 | 0.06 |
| Health Insurance | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| Chronic Condition Count | −0.05* | 0.02 | −0.04** | 0.01 | −0.29*** | 0.07 | −0.06* | 0.03 |
Source: Data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Times 1, 2, and 3 represent the 2012, 2015, and 2018 study waves, respectively. “Solid cooking fuel” is wood/coal versus gas. β indicates unstandardized parameter estimate. SE indicates standard error. Independent variables are mean centered, whereas cognitive scores are mean centered at their Time 1 means. In addition to the parameters shown, models also estimate means and variances of baseline cognitive function and cognitive change from Time 1–2 and Time 2–3, and variances, means, and covariances of independent variables. Effects of variables on change in cognition were constrained to be equal across time. Cooking fuel is time-varying whereas all other independent variables are based on their Time 1 values. All fit statistics are within acceptable ranges.
indicates p<0.05
indicates p<0.01
indicates p<0.001.