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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eat Behav. 2021 Jun 22;42:101535. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101535

Table 2.

Females: unadjusted prevalences from binomial regression generalized estimating equations for high body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and lifestyle behaviors by socioeconomic status (SES) and life stage.

Adolescence Emerging adulthood p for SES p for SES * stage


Low SES Middle SES Upper SES Low SES Middle SES Upper SES

Body dissatisfaction (% high) 16.5a 15.3a 12.2a 22.7a 19.0a 8.1b .003 .066
Dieting (% ever past year) 46.2 45.4 37.6 57.2 61.4 52.6 .063 .524
Weight control behaviors
 Unhealthy (% any) 53.5a 48.9a 37.2b 58.6a 54.7a 51.2a .005 .223
 Extreme (% any) 5.4 4.9 6.8 21.9 17.1 11.7 .494 .172
 Lifestyle behaviors (% any) 53.1a 61.3b 61.0ab 63.6a 71.1b 70.5ab .011 .998
  Limited high-fat foods 14.2a 22.7b 20.4ab 17.5a 20.0a 18.3a .046 .249
  Limited sweets 16.3 18.6 21.3 23.0 24.2 23.8 .492 .619
  Limited sugar-sweetened soda 22.5a 29.2b 30.7b 39.4a 49.9b 53.5b <.001 .837
  Ate more fruit and vegetables 27.5 33.7 34.1 35.7 35.8 40.2 .199 .418
  Exercised 24.7a 28.2ab 35.2b 20.2a 28.3b 29.7b .003 .442
  Watched portion sizes 13.4 14.5 16.7 19.9 27.3 27.8 .095 .517
Binge eating (%) 9.8 9.7 8.9 16.8 15.2 14.2 .776 .942

Note. Percentages are weighted to reflect the probability of responding to the follow-up EAT 2018 survey. The percentages for lifestyle behaviors represent regular use of the behavior. The primary determinant of SES was parental educational level, defined by the higher level of either parent. Additional measures of income and employment were used as part of an algorithm to reduce the impact of missing data and to prevent misclassification in ranking SES (range: 1–5). Low SES was defined as rank 1, middle SES as rank 2–3, and upper SES as rank 4–5. Bold font represents statistically significant differences across SES groups. In each row of prevalences for a life stage, cells that share a superscript letter do not differ (p > .05).