Table 3.
Subgroup analyses of the associations of total and specific dietary fat intake with total mortality.
| Total fat | SFAs | TFAs | PUFAs | MUFAs | P-MUFAs | A-MUFAs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 0.94 (0.91–0.97), p < 0.001 |
1.09 (1.04–1.14), p < 0.001 |
1.08 (1.02–1.13), p = 0.006 |
0.92 (0.88–0.96), p < 0.001 |
0.91 (0.85–0.98), p = 0.010 |
0.94 (0.91–0.98), p = 0.001 |
1.03 (0.97–1.09), p = 0.381 |
| Female | 0.97 (0.91–1.03), p = 0.339 |
1.20 (1.12–1.30), p < 0.001 |
1.03 (1.00–1.07), p = 0.041 |
0.97 (0.91–1.03), p = 0.302 |
0.81 (0.72–0.91), p = 0.001 |
0.91 (0.85–0.97), p = 0.002 |
0.93 (0.84–1.03), p = 0.156 |
| Age (y) | |||||||
| <65 | 0.94 (0.91–0.98), p = 0.002 |
1.10 (1.04–1.16), p = 0.001 |
1.02 (0.98–1.06), p = 0.383 |
0.91 (0.86–0.95), p < 0.001 |
0.93 (0.85–1.01), p = 0.091 |
0.96 (0.92–1.00), p = 0.070 |
1.07 (0.99–1.14), p = 0.070 |
| ≥ 65 | 0.94 (0.90–0.98), p = 0.003 |
1.13 (1.07–1.19), p < 0.001 |
1.09 (1.05–1.13), p < 0.001 |
0.96 (0.91–1.01), p = 0.089 |
0.82 (0.76–0.90), p < 0.001 |
0.91 (0.87–0.95), p < 0.001 |
0.95 (0.88–1.02), p = 0.147 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | |||||||
| <25.0 | 0.95 (0.90–1.00), p = 0.046 |
1.16 (1.09–1.24), p < 0.001 |
1.04 (0.99–1.09), p = 0.104 |
0.92 (0.87–0.98), p = 0.011 |
0.87 (0.78–0.96), p = 0.008 |
0.93 (0.88–0.98), p = 0.012 |
0.97 (0.89–1.07), p = 0.576 |
| ≥ 25.0 | 0.96 (0.93–0.99), p = 0.008 |
1.10 (1.05–1.15), p < 0.001 |
1.05 (1.01–1.08), p = 0.007 |
0.93 (0.89–0.97), p < 0.001 |
0.91 (0.85–0.98), p = 0.009 |
0.93 (0.90–0.97), p < 0.001 |
1.05 (0.99–1.11), p = 0.111 |
| Arm | |||||||
| Intervention | 0.94 (0.91–0.98), p = 0.003 |
1.14 (1.08–1.20), p < 0.001 |
1.08 (1.04–1.12), p < 0.001 |
0.91 (0.87–0.96), p < 0.001 |
0.86 (0.79–0.94), p = 0.001 |
0.93 (0.89–0.97), p = 0.001 |
0.96 (0.90–1.03), p = 0.313 |
| Control | 0.94 (0.90–0.98), p = 0.001 |
1.08 (1.03–1.14), p = 0.003 |
1.01 (0.97–1.05), p = 0.780 |
0.94 (0.89–0.99), p = 0.013 |
0.92 (0.84–1.00), p = 0.046 |
0.94 (0.90–0.98), p = 0.009 |
1.05 (0.98–1.13), p = 0.148 |
| Education | |||||||
| ≤ High school | 0.96 (0.92–0.99), p = 0.025 |
1.11 (1.05–1.17), p < 0.001 |
1.06 (1.02–1.11), p = 0.002 |
0.95 (0.90–1.00), p = 0.055 |
0.86 (0.79–0.94), p = 0.001 |
0.91 (0.87–0.96), p < 0.001 |
0.96 (0.90–1.03), p = 0.285 |
| ≥ Some college | 0.93 (0.90–0.97), p < 0.001 |
1.11 (1.06–1.17), p < 0.001 |
1.02 (0.98–1.06), p = 0.259 |
0.91 (0.87–0.95), p < 0.001 |
0.91 (0.84–0.98), p = 0.017 |
0.95 (0.91–0.99), p = 0.009 |
1.05 (0.98–1.13), p = 0.151 |
| Drinking status | |||||||
| Never | 0.98 (0.86–1.11), p = 0.717 |
1.16 (1.01–1.34), p = 0.04 |
1.08 (0.98–1.19), p = 0.121 |
0.98 (0.87–1.11), p = 0.770 |
0.84 (0.67–1.05), p = 0.124 |
0.96 (0.85–1.07), p = 0.454 |
0.83 (0.69–1.00), p = 0.045 |
| Former | 0.93 (0.86–1.00), p = 0.064 |
1.06 (0.97–1.16), p = 0.175 |
1.04 (0.98–1.10), p = 0.228 |
0.92 (0.85–0.99), p = 0.034 |
0.94 (0.82–1.07), p = 0.326 |
0.93 (0.87–1.00), p = 0.051 |
1.15 (1.03–1.28), p = 0.012 |
| Current | 0.95 (0.92–0.98), p < 0.001 |
1.12 (1.07–1.17), p < 0.001 |
1.04 (1.01–1.08), p = 0.012 |
0.92 (0.89–0.96), p < 0.001 |
0.88 (0.82–0.95), p = 0.001 |
0.93 (0.90–0.97), p < 0.001 |
0.99 (0.93–1.05), p = 0.802 |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Never | 0.97 (0.92–1.03), p = 0.347 |
1.12 (1.05–1.20), p = 0.001 |
1.05 (1.00–1.11), p = 0.032 |
0.91 (0.86–0.97), p = 0.002 |
0.93 (0.84–1.03), p = 0.175 |
0.96 (0.91–1.01), p = 0.152 |
1.02 (0.93–1.11), p = 0.697 |
| Current | 0.93 (0.87–0.98), p = 0.007 |
1.04 (0.96–1.13), p = 0.322 |
1.03 (0.97–1.10), p = 0.349 |
0.90 (0.82–0.98), p = 0.012 |
0.95 (0.82–1.10), p = 0.482 |
0.99 (0.91–1.06), p = 0.705 |
0.99 (0.89–1.10), p = 0.859 |
| Former | 0.95 (0.91–0.99), p = 0.007 |
1.16 (1.10–1.22), p < 0.001 |
1.04 (1.00–1.08), p = 0.05 |
0.95 (0.91–1.00), p = 0.045 |
0.84 (0.78–0.92), p < 0.001 |
0.90 (0.86–0.94), p < 0.001 |
1.02 (0.95–1.10), p = 0.516 |
| Married status | |||||||
| Not married | 0.94 (0.91–0.97), p < 0.001 |
1.10 (1.05–1.14), p < 0.001 |
1.03 (1.00–1.07), p = 0.041 |
0.93 (0.89–0.97), p < 0.001 |
0.90 (0.84–0.97), p = 0.004 |
0.94 (0.90–0.97), p < 0.001 |
1.03 (0.97–1.09), p = 0.360 |
| Married | 0.96 (0.90–1.01), p = 0.113 |
1.17 (1.09–1.26), p < 0.001 |
1.07 (1.02–1.13), p = 0.011 |
0.94 (0.88–1.00), p = 0.056 |
0.83 (0.74–0.94), p = 0.002 |
0.91 (0.86–0.97), p = 0.005 |
0.94 (0.85–1.03), p = 0.178 |
SFAs, saturated fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; TFAs, trans-fatty acids; P-MUFAs, MUFAs from plant; A-MUFAs, MUFAs from animal; y, year; BMI, body mass index.
HRs were for per one SD increment of specific dietary fats and were adjusted for age (continuous), gender (male vs. female), race (non-Hispanic White vs. Other), body mass index (continuous), education (≤ high school vs. ≥ some college), smoking status (never vs. former ≤ 15 years since quit vs. former > 15 years since quit vs. former year since quit unknown vs. current smoker ≤ 1 pack per day vs. current smoker > 1 pack per day vs. current smoker intensity unknown), total energy intake (continuous), alcohol drinking status (never vs. former vs. current), study center (categorical), marital status (married vs. not married), randomization arm (screening group vs. control group), aspirin use (yes vs. no), history of hypertension (yes vs. no), history of diabetes (yes vs. no), history of stroke (yes vs. no), history of heart attack (yes vs. no), vegetables intake (continuous), fruit intake (continuous), and other remaining fatty acids.