Table 2.
Demographic, functional and clinical characteristics of COPD subjects who developed COVID-19 categorized in subjects who needed intensive care (IC) and in those who did not (No-IC).
| COPD/COVID-19+ | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| IC | No-IC | ||
| Subjects, n (%) | 10 | 12 | |
| Gender male, n (%) | 7 (70) | 9 (75) | n.s. |
| BASELINE | |||
| Age, years | 78.2 (75.9–80) | 79 (72–86) | n.s. |
| Smoking: current/ex, n (%) | 2 (20) | 2 (16) | n.s. |
| Smoking: pack-years | 45 (32–57.5) | 32 (15–45) | n.s. |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| • Obesity | 6 (60) | 2 (16.6) | n.s. (0.074) |
| • Hypertension | 10 (100) | 12 (100) | n.s. |
| • Type 2 diabetes | 6 (60) | 3 (25) | n.s. (0.1) |
| • Dyslipidemia | 9 (90) | 5 (41.6) | 0.032 |
| • Metabolic Syndrome | 7 (70) | 2 (16.6) | 0.027 |
| FEV1, %pred. | 65 (36.5–99.5) | 72 (58.7–87.7) | n.s. |
| FEF25−75, %pred. | 39 (28–77) | 36 (26–52.7) | n.s. |
| DLCO, %pred. | 32 (28–35) | 88 (64.5–95.7) | 0.02 |
| Blood eosinophils, cells/μL | 110 (10–270) | 120 (90–205) | n.s. |
| Blood lymphocytes, cells/μL | 1,755 (1,450–2,290) | 1,820 (1,440–2,325) | n.s. |
| AE in the previous year, n | 0.5 (0–2) | 0 (0–0.5) | n.s. |
| Emphysema on CT-scan, n (%)* | 8 (88.8) | 4 (36.3) | 0.028 |
| n = 9 | n = 11 | ||
| Inhaled therapy, n (%) | |||
| • None | 1 (10) | 3 (25) | n.s. |
| • LAMA or LAMA/LABA | 5 (50) | 4 (33) | n.s. |
| • LAMA/LABA/ICS or LABA/ICS or LAMA+LABA/ICS | 4 (40) | 5 (42) | n.s. |
| ON ADMISSION | |||
| P/F ratio | 180 (124–296) | 310 (262–364) | 0.02 |
| C-Reactive protein, mg/dl | 39 (18–117) | 43 (17–130) | n.s. |
| D-dimer, ng/L | 238 (167–669) | 258 (181–596) | n.s. |
| BNP, ng/L | 224 (94–319) | 174 (100–201) | n.s. |
| Blood lymphocytes, cells/μL | 815 (570–1,590) | 695 (610–890) | n.s. |
| OUTCOME | |||
| Hospitalization length, days (all patients) | 21 (8–46) | 8.5 (6–11.12) | 0.05 |
| Hospitalization length, days (discharged alive only) | 36 (13.7–53.5) | 8 (5.25–10.5) | 0.01 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 3 (30) | 1 (8) | n.s. |
| 6-month mortality, n (%) | 4 (40) | 4 (33) | n.s. |
Baseline data refer to the last visit available before COVID-19.
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) or absolute numbers (percent). The p-value is referred to the Mann-Whitney-U or Fisher Exact tests comparisons as appropriate.
Data available on 20 out of 22 patients. IC: subjects who needed intensive care. No-IC: subjects who did not need intensive care.
FEV1, Forced Expiratory Volume in the 1st s; FEF25−75, forced mid-expiratory flow; DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; AE, acute exacerbations; CT, computed tomography; LAMA, long acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA, long-acting beta2-agonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; P/F, PaO2/FiO2 ratio; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide.