Table 1.

Antibacterial activity of Co₃O₄-NPs and MgO-NPs against UTI isolates.

Bacterial Strains	NPs	ZOI of NPs	Antibiotics	CLSI	ZOI of Non-coated Antibiotics	ZOI of Coated NPs	% increased potency of coated NPs
Pseudomonas Aurigenosa	Co3O4-NPs	20 ± 1.47	MEM	18	13 ± 0.8	17 ± 0.7	22.2
			IPM	22	11 ± 1.0	16 ± 0.6	22.7
			OX	17	08 ± 0.3	14 ± 1.0	35.4
			CIP	21	14 ± 0.7	20 ± 1.1	28.6
	MgO-NPs	19 ± 1.38	MEM	18	13 ± 1.0	19 ± 0.9	33.4
			IPM	22	11 ± 1.3	15 ± 0.6	18.2
			OX	17	08 ± 0.2	13 ± 0.4	29.5
			CIP	21	14 ± 0.5	19 ± 1.1	23.9
Proteus Vulgaris	Co3O4-NPs	21 ± 1.32	MEM	18	11 ± 0.9	19 ± 1.1	44.5
			IPM	22	13 ± 1.1	20 ± 1.4	31.9
			OX	17	10 ± 0.5	18 ± 1.6	47.1
			CIP	21	15 ± 0.8	22 ± 1.2	47.4
	MgO-NPs	22 ± 1.25	MEM	18	11 ± 0.4	20 ± 1.0	50.0
			IPM	22	13 ± 1.0	22 ± 0.9	41.0
			OX	17	10 ± 0.7	16 ± 1.0	35.3
			CIP	21	15 ± 0.6	23 ± 0.6	38.1
E. coli	Co3O4-NPs	16 ± 1.13	MEM	18	12 ± 0.9	17 ± 1.1	27.7
			IPM	22	14 ± 1.0	18 ± 0.23	18.2
			OX	17	10 ± 0.7	13 ± 0.9	17.7
			CIP	21	15 ± 0.4	20 ± 1.0	23.8
	MgO-NPs	19 ± 1.61	MEM	18	12 ± 0.6	18 ± 0.7	33.4
			IPM	22	14 ± 1.1	22 ± 1.3	36.4
			OX	17	10 ± 0.8	15 ± 0.6	29.4
			CIP	21	15 ± 1.2	23 ± 1.1	38.1