Table 2.
Studies on signalling pathways in pemphigus.
| PV | Activation | Pathogenic | Pathogenic | Pathogenic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vitro (cultured cells) | In vivo (mice) | Ex vivo (human) | ||
| p38 MAPK |
– Berkowitz, JBC 2005 – Berkowitz, PNAS 2006 – Chernyavsky, JBC 2007 – Berkowitz, JID 2008 – Lee, JBC 2009 – Marchenko, JBC 2010 – Spindler, JI 2010 – Mao, JBC 2011 – Bektas, JBC 2013 – Spindler JCI 2013 – Mao, JID 2014 – Spindler, JID 2014 – Hariton, ED 2017 – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 – Vielmuth, FI 2018 – Jin, BA 2021 |
– Berkowitz, JBC 2005 – Chernyavsky, JBC 2007 – Lee, JBC 2009 – Mao, JBC 2011 – Bektas, JBC 2013 – Spindler JCI 2013 – Mao, JID 2014 – Rötzer, JBC 2014 – Spindler, JID 2014 – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 – Vielmuth, FI 2018 – Burmester, BJP 2020 |
– Berkowitz, PNAS 2006 – Spindler JCI 2013 – Mao, JID 2014 |
– Saito, PO 2012 – Egu, BJD 2017 – Burmester, BJP 2020 |
| MK2 | – Mao, JID 2014 – Egu, BJD 2019 |
– Mao, JID 2014 | – Mao, JID 2014 | No data |
| HSP25/27 | – Berkowitz, JBC 2005 – Berkowitz, JID 2008 – Bektas, JBC 2013 – Mao, JID 2014 |
No data | No data | No data |
| RhoA | – Waschke, JCB 2006 – Jin, BA 2021 |
– Waschke, JCB 2006 – Spindler, AJP 2007 – Gliem, AJP 2010 – Jin, BA 2021 |
No data | – Waschke, JCB 2006 |
| Adducin | – Rötzer, JBC 2014 | No data | No data | No data |
| Ca2+ | – Esaki, JID 1995 – Seishima, JID 1995 – Rötzer, JBC 2014 – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 – Schmitt, BJD 2021 |
– Esaki, JID 1995 – Arredondo, AJP 2005 – Rötzer, JBC 2014 – Walter, FI 2019 – Schmitt, BJD 2021 |
No data | – Schmitt, BJD 2021 |
| PI4K | No data | – Schmitt, BJD 2021 | No data | No data |
| PLC | – Seishima, JID 1995 – Schmitt, BJD 2021 |
– Esaki, JID 1995 – Schmitt, BJD 2021 |
– Sanchez-Carpintero, BJD 2004 | – Schmitt, BJD 2021 |
| IP3R | No Data | – Schmitt, BJD 2021 | No data | – Schmitt, BJD 2021 |
| CRAC | No Data | – Schmitt, BJD 2021 | No data | No data |
| PKC | – Osada, JID 1997 – Kitajima, JID 1999 – Rötzer, JBC 2014 |
– Kitajima, JID 1999 – Cirillo, J Cell P 2010 – Spindler, AJP 2011 – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 |
– Sanchez-Carpintero, BJD 2004 – Spindler, AJP 2011 |
– Egu, Frontiers 2019 |
| cAMP/PKA | – Spindler, JI 2010 – Walter, SR 2017 |
– Spindler, JI 2010 | – Spindler, JI 2010 | – Meier, 2020 FI |
| Src | – Chernyavsky, JBC 2007 – Pretel, ED 2009 – Marchenko, JBC 2010 – Gil, ED 2012 – Tsang, JP 2012 – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 – Kugelmann, FI 2019 |
– Chernyavsky, JBC 2007 – Cirillo, AI 2014 – Walter, SR 2017 – Kugelmann, FI 2019 |
– Pretel, ED 2009 – Gil, ED2012 |
Not protective |
| ADAM10 | – Ivars, BJD 2020 | – Ivars, BJD 2020 | No data | No data |
| MMPs | – Grando, JDS 1992 – Cirillo, JCP 2007 |
No data | No data | No data |
| EGFR | – Frusić-Zlotkin, AI 2006 – Chernyavsky, JBC 2007 – Pretel, ED 2009 – Marchenko, JBC 2010 – Bektas, JBC 2013 |
– Frusić-Zlotkin, AI 2006 – Bektas, JBC 2013 – Sayar, ED 2014 – Walter, FI 2019 |
– Pretel, ED 2009 | No data |
| – Sayar, ED 2014 – Walter, FI 2019 |
||||
| PI3K | No data | – Burmester, BJP 2020 | No data | – Burmester, BJP 2020 |
| PDK1 | No data | – Burmester, BJP 2020 | No data | No data |
| mTor | – Pretel, ED 2009 – Gil, ED2012 |
No data | – Pretel, ED 2009 | No data |
| FAK | – Gil, ED2012 | No data | – Gil, ED2012 | No data |
| nNOS | No data | No data | – Espana, ED 2013 | No data |
| Casp3 | – Arredondo, AJM 2005 – Frusić-Zlotkin, AI 2006 – Dusek, JBC 2006 – Lee, JBC 2009 – Marchenko, JBC 2010 – Pacheco-Tovar, AD 2011 – Gil, ED2012 – Luyet, PO 2015 – Hariton, ED 2017 |
– Arredondo, AJM 2005 – Frusić-Zlotkin, AI 2006 – Marchenko, JBC 2010 – Pacheco-Tovar, AD 2011 – Luyet, PO 2015 – Schmitt, AJPhysiol 2009 |
– Pretel, ED 2009 – Hariton, ED 2017 |
No data |
| Casp8 | – Puviani, JID 2003 – Arredondo, AJM 2005 – Marchenko, JBC 2010 – Lotti, FI 2018 – Sanath, JOMP 2018 |
– Puviani, JID 2003 – Arredondo, AJM 2005 – Marchenko, JBC 2010 |
– Pretel, ED 2009 | No data |
| Casp9 | – Marchenko, JBC 2010 – Gil, ED2012 |
– Marchenko, JBC 2010 | – Pretel, ED 2009 | No data |
| c-Myc | – Williamson, EMBOJ 2006 – Williamson, JID 2007 |
No data | No data | No data |
| JNK | – Marchenko, JBC 2010 | No data | No data | No data |
| c-Jun | – Frusić-Zlotkin, AI 2006 | No data | No data | No data |
| PG | No data | – Spindler, JID 2014 | No data | No data |
| ERK/MEK | – Frusić-Zlotkin, AI 2006 – Bektas, JBC 2013 – Rötzer, JBC 2014 – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 – Radeva, Frontiers 2019 – Walter, FI 2019 |
– Frusić-Zlotkin, AI 2006 – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 – Radeva, Frontiers 2019 – Burmester, BJP 2020 |
No data | – Egu, FI 2019 – Burmester, BJP 2020 |
| Calmodulin | No data | No data | – Sanchez-Carpintero, BJD 2004 | No data |
| Calpain | – Arredondo, AJM 2005 | No data | No data | No data |
| CytC | – Marchenko, JBC 2010 | No data | No data | |
| CETP | No data | – Burmester, BJP 2020 | No data | No data |
| FAS | – Puviani, JID 2003 – Wang, Appt 2004 – Arredondo, AJM 2005 – Lotti, FI 2018 |
– Puviani, JID 2003 – Wang, Appt 2004 – Marchenko, JBC 2010 – Lotti, FI 2018 |
No data | No data |
| FLIP | – Arredondo, AJM 2005 | No data | No data | No data |
| PLK1 | No data | – Burmester, BJP 2020 | No data | No data |
| TrkA | No data | – Burmester, BJP 2020 | No data | – Burmester, BJP 2020 |
| VEGFR2 | No data | – Burmester, BJP 2020 | No data | – Burmester, BJP 2020 |
| PF | Activation | Pathogenic | Pathogenic | Pathogenic |
|
In vitro
(cultured cells) |
In vivo
(mice) |
Ex vivo
(human) |
||
| p38 MAPK | – Berkowitz, JID 2008 – Lee, JBC 2009 |
– Walter, Sci Rep 2017 – Yoshida, JDS 2017 |
– Berkowitz, AJP 2008 – Lee, JBC 2009 |
– Yoshida, JDS 2017 |
| – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 – Vielmuth, FI 2018 |
– Vielmuth, FI 2018 | |||
| HSP25/27 | – Berkowitz, AJP 2008 – Berkowitz, JID 2008 |
No data | No data | No data |
| RhoA | – Waschke, JCB 2006 | – Waschke, JCB 2006 – Spindler, AJP 2007 |
No data | – Waschke, JCB 2006 |
| Src | – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 | – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 | No data | No data |
| c-Myc | – Williamson, EMBOJ 2006 – Williamson, JID 2007 |
No data | No data | No data |
| ERK/MEK | – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 – Walter, FI 2019 |
– Walter, Sci Rep 2017 | No data | No data |
| EGFR | – Sayar, ED 2014 – Walter, FI 2019 |
– Sayar, ED 2014 – Walter, FI 2019 |
– Pretel, ED 2009 | No data |
| Casp6 | – Li, JI 2009 | No data | No data | No data |
| Ca2+ | – Seishima, JID 1995 – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 – Walter, FI 2019 – Schmitt, BJD 2021 |
– Walter, FI 2019 – Schmitt, BJD 2021 |
No data | No data |
| PLC | – Seishima, JID 1995 | No data | No data | No data |
| PKC | No data | – Walter, Sci Rep 2017 | No data | No data |