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. 2021 Aug 9;15:695975. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695975

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Copyright © 2021 Fekri Azgomi, Hahn and Faghih.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Simulated energy regulation results (Subjects 5–8). For each subject, panel (A) displays the open-loop results. Panel (B) shows closed-loop results for the Cushing's patients without circadian rhythm, while panel (C) shows closed-loop results for the Cushing's patients with circadian rhythm. In each panel: the top sub-panel shows the estimated cognitive energy-related state, the middle sub-panel displays the control input, and the bottom sub-panel depicts the medication injections. Red pulses are related to excitation and the blue pulses are related to inhibition. The white background indicates open-loop simulation (i.e., u = 0), while the gray background depicts the closed-loop results.