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. 2021 Aug 9;12:719589. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719589

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Li, Pang, Zhang, Yu, Yeo, Lavin, Shao, Jia and Peng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metformin reduces the expression level of inflammatory factors and alleviates silicosis fibrosis induced by silica particles in rat lung tissue. The expression level of (A) TGF-β1, (B) TNF-α and (C) IL-1β detected by ELISA. (D) The expressions of EMT-associated proteins expression level in the lung tissue of rats were detected by Western blot and (E) Immunohistochemistry (200 × mag.). a Control group; b Metformin treatment group; c Silica group; d Silica+100 mg/kg metformin group; e Silica + 200 mg/kg metformin group; f Silica + 400 mg/kg metformin group. All the data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 8 for each group). *p < 0.05, compared to the negative control group; ^# p < 0.05, compared to silica group. TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; Pro, protein; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; E-cad, E-Cadherin; α-SMA, α-Smooth muscle actin; Met, metformin.