Table 3.

Logistic regression analysis of the association between mental disorders and risk of death due to COVID-19.

Variables	Death risk due to COVID-19
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95%CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Psychotic disorders	2.87 (1.22–6.75)	0.016	2.77 (1.10–7.01)	0.031	2.29 (0.82–6.37)	0.11	1.88 (0.68–5.23)	0.23
Substance use disorder	1.84 (1.40–2.41)	<0.001	1.60 (1.20–2.14)	0.001	1.59 (1.18–2.16)	0.003	1.23 (0.90–1.69)	0.20
Bipolar affective disorder	4.50 (2.34–8.66)	<0.001	4.50 (2.18–9.27)	<0.001	4.77 (2.31–9.87)	<0.001	3.69 (1.78–7.67)	<0.001
Dementia	6.29 (4.70–8.42)	<0.001	2.03 (1.49–2.76)	<0.001	2.25 (1.63–3.10)	<0.001	2.06 (1.49–2.85)	<0.001
Alzheimer disease	5.97 (4.29–8.32)	<0.001	1.85 (1.31–2.63)	0.001	2.18 (1.52–3.11)	<0.001	2.13 (1.48–3.06)	<0.001
Vascular dementia	3.71 (1.43–9.62)	0.007	1.20 (0.45–3.18)	0.71	1.33 (0.50–3.52)	0.57	0.91 (0.33–2.45)	0.84
Secondary dementia	7.30 (4.26–12.53)	<0.001	2.69 (1.53–4.75)	0.001	2.68 (1.47–4.88)	0.001	2.09 (1.13–3.85)	0.019
Anxiety	1.71 (1.19–2.44)	0.003	1.57 (1.07–2.29)	0.02	1.56 (1.06–2.31)	0.024	1.27 (0.85–1.89)	0.24
Late-life anxiety	2.36 (1.64–3.39)	<0.001	1.61 (1.10–2.35)	0.014	1.60 (1.09–2.37)	0.018	1.30 (0.87–1.94)	0.20
Depression	2.04 (1.56–2.67)	<0.001	2.08 (1.57–2.77)	<0.001	2.03 (1.51–2.72)	<0.001	1.57 (1.16–2.13)	0.004
Late-life	2.59 (1.96–3.41)	<0.001	1.97 (1.47–2.63)	<0.001	1.90 (1.40–2.57)	<0.001	1.46 (1.07–2.00)	0.017
Depression comorbid with anxiety	1.84 (1.10–3.09)	0.02	1.87 (1.09–3.24)	0.024	1.67 (0.93–2.97)	0.08	1.31 (0.73–2.36)	0.36
Late-life	2.43 (1.44–4.10)	0.001	1.92 (1.11–3.32)	0.02	1.71 (0.95–3.05)	0.07	1.35 (0.75–2.42)	0.32

Model 1 unadjusted.

Model 2 analyses were adjusted for age and sex.

Model 3 analyses were further adjusted for education, ethnicity, and BMI.

Model 4 Analyses were further adjusted for cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cancer, and respiratory disease.