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. 2021 Aug 23;19(8):e06773. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6773
Thiophanate methyl
Primary crops (available studies) Crop groups Crop(s) Application(s) Sampling (DAT) Comment/Source
Fruit crops Apples Foliar, 3 × 3.9 kg/ha 1, 7 Radiolabelled active substance: 14C‐phenyl ‐a.s. (EFSA, 2014, 2018a)
Grapes Foliar, 1 × 1.042 kg a.s./ha 0, 14, 35 14C‐phenyl (EFSA, 2018a)
Tomatoes Drip irrigation, 1 × 0.702; 1 × 1.386; 1 × 2.314 kg/ha 7 14C‐phenyl (Sweden 2016, 2017)
Root crops Sugar beets Foliar, 3 × 0.39 kg/ha 0, 21 14C‐thiocarbonyl (EFSA, 2014, 2018a)
Cereals/grass Wheat Foliar, 1 × 0.75 kg/ha 0, 28, 69 14C‐thiocarbonyl (EFSA, 2014; Sweden 2016, 2017)
Pulses/oilseeds Lima beans Foliar, 2 × 1.18 kg/ha 28, 35 14C‐thiocarbonyl (EFSA, 2014, 2018a) Supportive, not acceptable as a standalone study
Soyabeans Run‐off, 1 × 700 mg/l 0, 7, 14 14C‐thiophanate‐methyl (label position not given) mixed with non labelled thiophanate‐ methyl (EFSA, 2018a)
Green beans Run‐off (assumed), 1 × 50 mg/L 14 14C‐thiophanate‐methyl (label position not given) (EFSA, 2018a)
Rotational crops (available studies) Crop groups Crop(s) Application(s) PBI (DAT) Comment/Source
Root/tuber crops Carrots Bare soil, 1 × 1.6 kg/ha 30, 120, 365 EFSA (2014, 2018a)
Studies available but not relevant since only import tolerances under assessment.
Leafy crops Lettuce Bare soil, 1 × 1.6 kg/ha 30, 120, 365 EFSA (2014, 2018a)
Same comment as above.
Cereal (small grain) Wheat Bare soil, 1 × 1.6 kg/ha 30, 120, 365 EFSA (2014, 2018a)
Same comment as above.
Processed commodities (hydrolysis study) Conditions Stable? Comment/Source
Pasteurisation (20 min, 90°C, pH 4) Yes EFSA (2014, 2018a)
Baking, brewing and boiling (60 min, 100°C, pH 5) No Thiophanate‐methyl degraded to carbendazim that accounted 14.2% (EFSA 2014, 2018a)
Sterilisation (20 min, 120°C, pH 6) No Thiophanate‐methyl degraded to carbendazim (92%) and to metabolite 2‐AB (10.3%) (EFSA 2014, 2018a)
Carbendazim
Primary crops (available studies) Crop groups Crop(s) Application(s) Sampling (DAT) Comment/Source
Fruit crops Peaches Foliar, 2 × 1.12 kg/ha, interval of 14 days between applications –14, 0 Sampling after each treatment. Study performed with 14C‐phenyl carbendazim (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Strawberries Hydroponic, 1 × 0.182 kg as/L 36, 88 Study performed with 14C‐imidazole carbendazim
Informative only (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Root crops Sugar beet Foliar, 3 × 0.55 kg/ha
Foliar, 5 × 0.55 kg/ha 21
133 Study performed with 14C‐phenyl benomyl (FAO, 1998)
Cereals/grass Rice Foliar, 2 × 2.25 kg/ha –14, 0, 35 Study performed with 14C‐phenyl benomyl (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Pulses/oilseeds Beans Foliar, 2 × 1.12 kg/ha 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 Study performed with 14C‐imidazole carbendazim
Residues analysed in plants and beans (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Soyabeans Foliar, 2 × 1.1 kg/ha –14, 0, 35 Study performed with 14C‐phenyl benomyl (FAO, 1998; EFSA, 2014)
Rotational crops (available studies) Crop groups Crop(s) Application(s) PBI (DAT) Comment/Source
Root/tuber crops Beet Bare soil, 1.12 kg/ha 30 [2‐14C]‐carbendazim (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Studies available but not relevant since only import tolerances under assessment.
Bare soil, 3.36 kg/ha 120
Radish 3 mg carbendazim/kg soil 224 14C‐carbendazim (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Leafy crops Cabbages Bare soil, 1.12 kg/ha 30 [2‐14C]‐carbendazim (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Same comment as above.
Bare soil, 3.36 kg/ha 120
Lettuce 3 mg carbendazim/kg soil 224 14C‐carbendazim (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Same comment as above.
Pulses and oilseeds Soybean Bare soil, 2.24 kg/ha 60 80:20 mix of 14C‐labelled carbendazim and 2‐AB (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Same comment as above.
Alfalfa Bare soil, 2.24 kg/ha 60
Cereal (small grain) Barley Bare soil, 1.12 kg/ha 30 [2‐14C]‐carbendazim (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Same comment as above.
Bare soil, 3.36 kg/ha 145
Rye grass Bare soil, 2.24 kg/ha 60 80:20 mix of 14C‐labelled carbendazim and 2‐AB (EFSA, 2010, 2014)
Same comment as above.
Processed commodities (hydrolysis study) Conditions Stable? Comment/Source
Pasteurisation (20 min, 90°C, pH 4) Yes EFSA (2010, 2014)
Baking, brewing and boiling (60 min, 100°C, pH 5) Yes EFSA (2010, 2014)
Sterilisation (20 min, 120°C, pH 6) Yes EFSA (2010, 2014)