Table 1.
Descriptive Study Data.
| Design | Study | N | Age | % of males | Disease stage | Treatment type | Timing | Behavior/intervention | Assessment tool/s | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interventional study | Schwartz et al34 | 12* | 44 y (20-64 y) | NR | 16% stage II, 84% stage III | 67% = 20 mg sustained-release methylphenidate, 33% not recorded | During treatment | F- 4 sessions p/w for 4 mo | Schwartz cancer fatigue scale | ↔ Fatigue# |
| I- intensity limited by symptoms | 12-min walk test | ↔ Functional ability | ||||||||
| T- 15-30 min per session | NR | ↔ Body composition | ||||||||
| T- Aerobic exercise | Trail maker form A and B | ↔ Cognitive function | ||||||||
| Retrospective analysis | Hinrichs et al35 | 14 | 53 y (38-84 y) | 21 | NR | Post-surgery (multimodal therapy) | Post groin surgery | F- 2-7 d p/w | Limb circumference | ↑ (60%) limb volumes# |
| I- NR | ||||||||||
| T- 10-60 min | ||||||||||
| T- bandage exercises/self-practice physical activity | ||||||||||
| Cross-sectional survey | Blanchard et al30 | 761 | 60.2 ± 13.4 y | 50 | 93.4% Localized, 5.5% Regional, 1.1% Distant | 95.9% surgery, 15.8% chemotherapy, 9.5% radiation therapy, 6.4% hormone therapy, 6.8% IFN-α/ IL-2, 11.3% bone marrow transplant | 2, 5 and 10 y post diagnosis | Classed as physically active if >150 min of moderate or >60 min of strenuous physical activity p/w | RAND-36 health status inventory score | ↑ QoL# |
| Retrospective analysis | Carmeli and Bartoletti31 | 12 | 58 ± 7.4 y | 33 | Stage I-III | Post-surgery (multimodal therapy) | 1-4 y post-diagnosis | F- 2-7 d p/w | IDI-ILA part II | ↑ (NR) QoL# |
| I- NR | Limb circumference | ↑ (22%) limb volumes | ||||||||
| T- 10-60 min | ||||||||||
| T- bandage exercises/self-practice physical activity | ||||||||||
| Cross-sectional survey | Hyatt et al32 | 55 | 54.0 ± 10.0 y | 36 | 16% stage III, 84% stage IV | 78% currently receiving immunotherapy (72% single-agent, 26% combination, 2% unknown | During or post treatment | Classed as physically active if >150 min of moderate or >75 min of strenuous aerobic activity p/w + 2-3 resistance exercise sessions p/w | PROMIS SF7a. | ↔ Fatigue# |
| Open ended questions. | ↔ Self-reported perspectives | |||||||||
| Interventional study | Lacey et al33 | 28 | 66 y (42-85 y) | 57 | Stage IV | Pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg delivered at 3-weekly intervals | During treatment | F- 2 sessions p/w for 8-wk | FACT-G | ↔ QoL# |
| I- NR | FACT-G | ↔ Fatigue | ||||||||
| T- NRT- Aerobic, resistance, qi gong, yoga, or a combination | Modified balke treadmill test, 1RM strength (leg press, seated row) | ↔ Physical function↔ Body composition↔ Patient-reported outcomes | ||||||||
| NR | ||||||||||
| ESAS, HADS |
Abbreviations: *, Only 4 participants no longer receiving IFN-α were considered for further analyses; #, primary outcome of interest; ↔, no statistically significant change; ↑, statistically significant improvement; ↓, statistically significant deterioration; NR, not reported; FITT, frequency, intensity, time, type; IDI-ILA part II, Istituto Dermopatico Dell’immacolata Italian Lymphedema Association questionnaire part II; PROMIS SF7a, Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system fatigue–short form 7a; FACT-G, functional assessment of cancer therapy general; 1RM, one repetition maximum; ESAS, edmonton symptom assessment scale; HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale.