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. 2021 Aug 9;11:685059. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685059

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Wang, Lv, Hou, Liu, Liao, Xu, Zhang, Xu and Zhang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Insulin and oleic acid (OA) promoted the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) synergistically through ERK/c-Myc/cyclin D1 pathway. Protein level of p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 treated with (A) insulin (50 nM) and/or OA 200 μM and (B) 500 μM were measured. Alpha-tubulin served as an internal control. Groups HCl, BSA, and HCl+BSA are the control of INS, OA, and INS+OA, respectively. (C) Pathway diagram of the synergistic effect of insulin and oleic acid in CRC progression. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.