Table 2.

Recent applications of nanomaterials in CNS diseases

Nanomaterial	Synthesis of nanomaterial	Cargo	Modification	Pharmacological action	Therapeutic use		Refs.
Carbon dots	Solvothermal method	–	Nitrogen (N)- containing polyaromatic	Modulating Cu(II)-mediated β-amyloid aggregation	AD		[170]
PLGA	Solvent evaporation method	Doxorubicin/lapatinib	ACUPA and cyclic TT1	Synergistic anti-tumor	Breast cancer brain metastases	[171]
Carboxylic acid functionalized carbon dots	Acidic oxidation method	Epirubicin and temozolomide	Transferrin	Synergistic anti-tumor	Glioblastoma		[172]
TPGS-transfersomes	Thin-film hydration method	Docetaxel	Folate	Inhibits cell division and proliferation	Glioblastoma		[173]
Lipid-coating mesoporous silica nanoparticle	Stobber method and film hydration method	Paclitaxel	Angiopep-2	Inhibits cell division and proliferation	Glioma		[174]
Polyamidoamine dendrimer	Commercially available	Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene	Histidine and arginine	Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic	Ischemic stroke		[175]
Graphene oxide	Modifified Hummers’ method	–	–	Inhibits amyloid beta fifibrillation	Neurodegenerative diseases		[176]
Mesoporous silica nanoparticle	Templating method	Curcumin and chrysin	–	Antioxidant	Neurodegenerative diseases		[177]
Black phosphorus	Liquid phase exfoliation method	Paeoniflorin	Lactoferrin	Attenuate deficits in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH +) neuronal	PD		[178]
Selenium nanoparticles	Chemical reduction method	–	OX26	Regulate cellular metabolic state	Stroke		[179]
Nanostructured lipid carriers	Emulsifification and solvent evaporation method	Baicalin and Salvianolic acid B	OX26	Oxygen–glucose deprivation	Stroke		[180]
Fe3O4	Solvothermal method	–	PEG	Ameliorate local redox state and facilitate blood − brain-barrier recovery	Stroke		[181]