Table I.
Clinical characteristics of all individuals in the Cleveland Clinic COVID-19 Research Registry with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test stratified by intranasal corticosteroid use
| Variables | No intranasal corticosteroids | Intranasal corticosteroids | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 61,960 | 10,187 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (y) | 50.33 [34.02, 65.11] | 52.07 [38.17, 64.71] | <.001 |
| Female sex | 33,039 (53.3) | 6521 (64.0) | <.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.03 [25.02, 34.06] | 30.68 [26.39, 36.27] | <.001 |
| Race | .303 | ||
| African American | 11,121 (20.3) | 1967 (20.2) | |
| Caucasian | 40,878 (74.6) | 7226 (74.3) | |
| Others | 2775 (5.1) | 529 (5.4) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity∗ | 5327 (10.1) | 786 (7.8) | <.001 |
| Smoking history | <.001 | ||
| Never | 45,033 (73.4) | 6531 (64.1) | |
| Current | 4063 (6.6) | 677 (6.6) | |
| Past | 12,233 (19.9) | 2975 (29.2) | |
| No. of pack-years smoking | 12.50 [5.00, 30.00] | 11.50 [4.00, 25.00] | .03 |
| Baseline eosinophil count (×103/μL)† | 0.13 [0.07, 0.21] | 0.14 [0.08, 0.23] | <.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| COPD/emphysema | 2726 (4.4) | 867 (8.5) | <.001 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 3282 (5.3) | 3098 (30.4) | <.001 |
| Asthma | 4602 (7.4) | 1790 (17.6) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 8247 (13.3) | 1930 (18.9) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 18,113 (29.2) | 4257 (41.8) | <.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 4382 (7.1) | 995 (9.8) | <.001 |
| Heart failure | 3092 (5.0) | 747 (7.3) | <.001 |
| Cancer history | 5287 (8.5) | 1287 (12.6) | <.001 |
| Connective tissue disease | 1083 (1.7) | 395 (3.9) | <.001 |
| Immunosuppressive disease | 3979 (6.4) | 924 (9.1) | <.001 |
| Medications | |||
| NSAIDs | 7236 (11.7) | 1764 (17.3) | <.001 |
| ACE inhibitors | 4991 (8.1) | 1011 (9.9) | <.001 |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 3358 (5.4) | 933 (9.2) | <.001 |
| Inhaled corticosteroids | 3135 (5.1) | 1770 (17.4) | <.001 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy‡ | 378 (0.6) | 121 (1.2) | <.001 |
ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme; COPD, chronic obstructive airway disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Data are presented as n (%) for categorical variables and median [interquartile range] for continuous variables.
∗
(%) accounts for missing data.
†
Baseline absolute eosinophil count was measured 14 days or more before date of the SARS-CoV-2 test, but not before 2018.
‡
Includes chronic systemic corticosteroid therapy.