Table E2.
Clinical characteristics, presentation, and outcomes of patients with available baseline blood absolute eosinophil count∗ measurements stratified by the use of intranasal corticosteroids
| Variables | No intranasal corticosteroids | Intranasal corticosteroids | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 23,478 | 6811 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (y) | 55.00 [38.75, 69.22] | 54.69 [41.15, 67.16] | .168 |
| Female sex | 13,428 (57.2) | 4502 (66.1) | <.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.39 [25.23, 34.80] | 30.90 [26.58, 36.61] | <.001 |
| Race | .077 | ||
| African American | 5011 (22.3) | 1423 (21.8) | |
| Caucasian | 16,214 (72.3) | 4714 (72.2) | |
| Others | 1201 (5.4) | 395 (6.0) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity† | 1680 (7.3) | 612 (9.1) | <.001 |
| Smoking history | <.001 | ||
| Never | 14,960 (64.0) | 4157 (61.1) | |
| Current | 1996 (8.5) | 452 (6.6) | |
| Past | 6431 (27.5) | 2198 (32.3) | |
| Pack-years of smoking | 15.00 [5.00, 30.00] | 12.00 [4.50, 27.00] | .002 |
| Baseline eosinophil count (×103/μL)∗ | 0.13 [0.07, 0.22] | 0.14 [0.08, 0.22] | <.001 |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Cough | 10,914 (46.5) | 3763 (55.2) | <.001 |
| Fever | 6843 (29.1) | 2212 (32.5) | <.001 |
| Fatigue | 8755 (37.3) | 2770 (40.7) | <.001 |
| Sputum production | 1659 (7.1) | 626 (9.2) | <.001 |
| Flu-like symptoms | 7639 (32.5) | 2723 (40.0) | <.001 |
| Dyspnea | 6409 (27.3) | 2201 (32.3) | <.001 |
| Diarrhea | 2115 (9.0) | 726 (10.7) | <.001 |
| Loss of appetite | 2159 (9.2) | 620 (9.1) | .834 |
| Vomiting | 3456 (14.7) | 1037 (15.2) | .311 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| COPD/emphysema | 1682 (7.2) | 743 (10.9) | <.001 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 1824 (7.8) | 2216 (32.5) | <.001 |
| Asthma | 2312 (9.8) | 1301 (19.1) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 4692 (20.0) | 1545 (22.7) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 9972 (42.5) | 3343 (49.1) | <.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2662 (11.3) | 850 (12.5) | .01 |
| Heart failure | 2165 (9.2) | 668 (9.8) | .15 |
| Cancer history | 3237 (13.8) | 1062 (15.6) | <.001 |
| Connective tissue disease | 702 (3.0) | 346 (5.1) | <.001 |
| Immunosuppressive disease | 2754 (11.7) | 829 (12.2) | .331 |
| Medications | |||
| NSAIDs | 3755 (16.0) | 1276 (18.7) | <.001 |
| ACE inhibitors | 2647 (11.3) | 730 (10.7) | .207 |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 1837 (7.8) | 740 (10.9) | <.001 |
| Inhaled corticosteroids | 2120 (9.0) | 1402 (20.6) | <.001 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 255 (1.1) | 107 (1.6) | .001 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Hospitalization | 5387 (22.9) | 1341 (19.7) | <.001 |
| Admission to the intensive care unit | 1303 (5.5) | 294 (4.3) | <.001 |
| Hospital mortality | 943 (4.0) | 191 (2.8) | <.001 |
ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme; COPD, chronic obstructive airway disease; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Data are presented as n (%) for categorical variables and median [interquartile range] for continuous variables.
∗
Baseline blood absolute eosinophil count was measured 14 days or more before the date of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing, but not before 2018.
†
(%) accounts for missing values.