Table 3.
Clinical data at baseline according to occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness at baseline and at the first follow-up visit, n = 2,190.
| Variables | EDS baseline/ EDS follow-up (n = 630) | EDS baseline/ No EDS follow-up (n = 403) | No EDS baseline/ EDS follow-up (n = 34) | No EDS baseline/ No EDS follow-up (n = 1,123) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.6 ± 12.4 | 53.6 ± 11.8 | 59.2 ± 10.7# | 56.4 ± 11.6 | <0.0001* |
| Females (%) | 23.3 | 25.1 | 20.6 | 28.1 | 0.13† |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.4 ± 6.6 | 32.7 ± 6.4 | 30.8 ± 5.4 | 33.1 ± 6.7 | <0.0001* |
| ESS score at baseline | 14.0 [12.0–17.0] | 14.0 [12.0–16.0] | 9.0 [7.0–10.0]§ | 6.0 [4.0–9.0]§ | <0.0001‡ |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 6.5 | 9.3 | 17.6 | 8.3 | 0.07† |
| Systemic hypertension (%) | 53.1 | 50.8 | 55.9 | 49.2 | 0.42† |
| Type 2 diabetes (%) | 14.9 | 9.3 | 5.9 | 13.6 | 0.03† |
| COPD (%) | 8.1 | 5.5 | 8.8 | 7.5 | 0.44† |
| Asthma (%) | 2.2 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 0.002† |
| Insomnia (%) | 1.3 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 0.58† |
| Psychiatric disease (%) | 3.8 | 7.5 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 0.015† |
| Follow-up duration (months) | 1 [0–5] | 16 [7–30]§ | 14.5 [6.0–43.0]§ | 2 [0–12]§ | <0.0001‡ |
*
one-way ANOVA, means and SDs;
†
χ2 test (percent);
‡
Kruskal-Wallis test (medians and interquartile ranges).
§
statistically different compared to the group with EDS at baseline and at first follow-up visit;
#
different from groups with EDS at baseline.
Significantly different variables are marked in bold.