Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU and received tocilizumab before and after propensity score matching:a, b
| Before propensity score (PS) adjustment |
After propensity score (PS) adjustment |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (298) | Single (N = 210) | Multiple (N = 88) | P-value | Overall (128) | Single (N = 64) | Multiple (N = 64) | P-value | |
| Age (Years), Mean (SD) | 59.0 (12.8) | 59.6 (12.9) | 57.3 (12.4) | 0.18a | 57.3 (12.1) | 57.6 (12.6) | 57.0 (11.7) | 0.62a |
| Gender – Male, n (%) | 215 (75.7) | 155 (76.4) | 60 (74.1) | 0.69b | 97 (77.0) | 52 (82.5) | 45 (71.4) | 0.14b |
| Weight (kg), Mean (SD) | 83.7 (2.8) | 84.7 (21.3) | 81.3 (19.7) | 0.11a | 81.3 (19.3) | 83.5 (21.5) | 79.0 (16.6) | 0.13a |
| BMI, Mean (SD) | 31.2 (7.9) | 31.6 (8.2) | 29.9 (7.1) | 0.03a | 30.4 (7.3) | 31.4 (7.5) | 29.5 (6.9) | 0.06a |
| APACHE II score, Median (Q1,Q3) | 13.0 (9.0, 21.5) | 12.5 (9.5, 20.0) | 15.0 (8.5, 25.0) | 0.11a | 15.0 (9.0, 25.0) | 14.0 (9.0, 25.0) | 15.0 (8.0, 25.0) | 0.56a |
| SOFA score, Median (Q1,Q3) | 4.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 80.0) | 5.0 (3.5, 7.0) | 0.51a | 4.5 (3.0, 7.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 0.71a |
| NUTRIC Score, Median (Q1,Q3) | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 5.5) | 0.05a | 4.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) | 0.32a |
| Best GCS, Median (Q1,Q3) | 15.0 (15.0, 15.0) | 15.0 (14.0, 15.0) | 15.0 (15.0, 15.0) | 0.03a | 15.0 (15.0, 15.0) | 15.0 (15.0, 15.0) | 15.0 (15.0, 15.0) | 0.99a |
| Systemic corticosteroids, n (%) | 266 (93.0) | 186 (91.6) | 80 (96.4) | 0.15b | 120 (95.2) | 59 (93.7) | 61 (96.8) | 0.40b |
| Proning status, n (%) | 98 (35.3) | 68 (34.2) | 30 (38.0) | 0.55b | 53 (44.2) | 27 (45.0) | 26 (43.3) | 0.85b |
| Serum creatinine Baseline (mmol/l), Median (Q1,Q3) | 85.5 (67.0, 120.0) | 84.0 (66.0, 121.0) | 87.0 (72.0, 120.0) | 0.24a | 87.5 (72.0, 120.0) | 88.0 (68.0, 130.0) | 87.0 (73.0, 112.0) | 0.82a |
| Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Within 24 h of ICU admission, n (%) | 53 (18.9) | 34 (16.8) | 19 (24.1) | 0.16b | 30 (24.0) | 14 (22.2) | 16 (25.8) | 0.64b |
| Mechanical Ventilation within 24 h of ICU admission, n (%) | 217 (75.3) | 162 (79.0) | 55 (66.3) | 0.02b | 89 (70.6) | 45 (71.4) | 44 (69.8) | 0.84b |
| A-a Gradient, Median (Q1,Q3) | 422.4 (281.4, 578.5) | 415.4 (292.7, 572.3) | 477.7 (230.7, 596.7) | 0.83a | 447.6 (247.9, 595.3) | 430.3 (247.9, 576.8) | 461.1 (252.4, 600.2) | 0.88a |
| Oxygenation Index (OI), Mean (SD) | 24.4 (16.4) | 25.2 (17.1) | 20.0 (11.9) | 0.42a | 20.6 (16.2) | 21.0 (16.2) | 20.2 (12.9) | 0.87a |
| Vasoactive Inotropic Score, Mean (SD) | 5.6 (40.6) | 1.8 (8.9) | 14.8 (73.3) | 0.52a | 6.6 (47.2) | 0.7 (2.76) | 12.3 (65.6) | 0.80a |
| Lactic acid Baseline (mmol/L), Mean (SD) | 2.6 (9.3) | 2.8 (10.9) | 2.2 (1.9) | 0.81a | 2.2 (1.8) | 2.0 (1.4) | 2.3 (2.2) | 0.81a |
| Platelets count Baseline (10^9/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 251.0 (190.0, 323.0) | 254.0 (189.0, 324.0) | 250.0 (194.0, 307.0) | 0.53a | 243.0 (189.0, 310.0) | 242.0 (180.0, 316.0) | 250.0 (192.0, 300.0) | 0.91a |
| Total WBC Baseline (10^9/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 9.6 (6.7, 13.3) | 9.4 (6.7, 12.6) | 9.9 (6.7, 14.0) | 0.53a | 9.0 (6.4, 13.2) | 8.9 (6.1, 12.7) | 9.1 (6.6, 14.0) | 0.79a |
| Total bilirubin level (umol/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 9.8 (6.8, 13.7) | 10.0 (7.0, 14.3) | 9.0 (6.4, 12.8) | 0.13a | 9.0 (6.5, 13.0) | 10.0 (7.0, 13.7) | 9.0 (6.0, 12.0) | 0.18a |
| Albumin level (gm/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 34.0 (30.0, 37.0) | 33.0 (30.0, 36.0) | 36.0 (31.0, 40.5) | 0.01a | 36.0 (33.0, 40.0) | 36.0 (33.0, 38.8) | 36.7 (33.0, 40.5) | 0.52a |
| INR, Median (Q1,Q3) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) | 0.002a | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 0.05a |
| Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (U/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 231.5 (84.0, 550.0) | 233.0 (97.0, 510.0) | 223.0 (69.0, 554.0) | 0.59a | 190.0 (72.0, 427.0) | 177.5 (101.5, 366.5) | 193.0 (69.0, 572.0) | 0.95a |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L),Median (Q1,Q3) | 160.5 (101.0, 238.0) | 158.5 (100.0, 256.0) | 170.5 (109.5, 214.0) | 0.98a | 168.0 (83.4, 221.5) | 159.0 (76.0, 220.0) | 171.0 (111.0, 223.0) | 0.54a |
| Fibrinogen level (gm/l), Median (Q1,Q3) | 5.9 (4.3, 7.4) | 5.8 (4.5, 7.4) | 6.2 (4.1, 7.4) | 0.80a | 6.3 (4.4, 7.5) | 5.8 (4.4, 7.5) | 6.4 (4.4, 8.1) | 0.87a |
| D-dimer level (mg/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 1.2 (0.7, 3.2) | 1.1 (0.7, 2.8) | 1.3 (0.7, 5.6) | 0.17a | 1.0 (0.6, 3.1) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.7) | 1.1 (0.6, 4.9) | 0.16a |
| Ferritin level (ug/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 1034.5 (558.1, 2092.0) | 1105.0 (559.9, 2114.0) | 901.7 (556.3, 1998.0) | 0.40a | 1034.5 (547.7, 1972.5) | 1114.0 (712.7, 2018.0) | 856.1 (442.4, 1768.0) | 0.13a |
| Blood glucose level Baseline (mmol/L), Median (Q1,Q3) | 10.6 (7.50, 15.4) | 10.6 (7.5, 15.6) | 10.3 (6.9, 14.2) | 0.79a | 10.4 (6.9, 15.8) | 10.4 (6.8, 15.8) | 11.2 (8.0, 15.3) | 0.49a |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio within 24 h of admission, Median (Q1,Q3) | 80.0 (57.4, 122.4) | 82.4 (61.7, 117.8) | 68.2 (51.8, 124.0) | 0.07a | 79.6 (54.5, 124.0) | 90.9 (63.2, 136.0) | 67.5 (51.3, 114.4) | 0.05a |
| Respiratory Rate (RR) Baseline, Median (Q1,Q3) | 30.0 (25.0, 35.0) | 30.0 (26.0, 35.0) | 30 (22.0, 35) | 0.18a | 30.0 (24.0, 35.0) | 30.0 (25.0, 35.0) | 30.0 (22.5, 35.0) | 0.67a |
| Pharmacological DVT prophylaxis use during ICU stay,n (%) | 261 (90.6) | 197 (96.1) | 64 (77.1) | <0.0001b | 104 (82.5) | 55 (87.3) | 49 (77.8) | 0.16b |
| Patient received nephrotoxic drugs/material during ICU stay, n (%) | 251 (87.2) | 185 (90.2) | 66 (79.5) | 0.01b | 99 (79.2) | 53 (85.5) | 46 (73.0) | 0.09b |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 8 (2.8) | 6 (2.9) | 2 (2.4) | 0.81b | 4 (3.2) | 2 (3.2) | 2 (3.2) | >0.99b |
| Heart Failure, n (%) | 17 (5.9) | 13 (6.3) | 4 (4.8) | 0.62b | 8 (6.3) | 5 (7.9) | 3(4.8) | 0.47b |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 161 (55.9) | 116 (56.6) | 45 (54.2) | 0.71b | 73 (57.9) | 38 (60.3) | 35 (55.6) | 0.59b |
| Diabetes Mellitus (DM), n (%) | 159 (55.2) | 111 (54.1) | 48 (57.8) | 0.57b | 73 (57.9) | 37 (58.7) | 36 (57.1) | 0.86b |
| Dyslipidemia (DLP), n (%) | 60 (20.8) | 48 (23.4) | 12 (14.5) | 0.09b | 25 (19.8) | 15 (23.8) | 10 (15.9) | 0.26b |
| Ischemic heart disease (IHD), n (%) | 13 (4.5) | 10 (4.9) | 3 (3.6) | 0.64b | 6 (4.8) | 3 (4.8) | 3 (4.8) | >0.99b |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD), n (%) | 22 (7.6) | 17 (8.3) | 5 (6.0) | 0.51b | 8 (6.3) | 5 (7.9) | 3 (4.8) | 0.46b |
| Cancer, n (%) | 10 (3.5) | 7 (3.4) | 3 (3.6) | 0.93b | 8 (6.3) | 5 (7.9) | 3 (4.8) | 0.47b |
| Asthma, n (%) | 19 (6.6) | 14 (6.8) | 5 (6.0) | 0.80b | 8 (6.3) | 5 (7.9) | 3 (4.8) | 0.47b |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), n (%) | 4 (1.4) | 4 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.20b | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.32b |
| Liver disease (any type), n (%) | 3 (1.0) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.86b | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0.32b |
| Stroke, n (%) | 10 (3.5) | 8 (3.9) | 2 (2.4) | 0.53b | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0.32b |
| Pulmonary Embolism, n (%) | 3 (1.0) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.86b | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
a
Wilcoxon rank sum test is used to calculate the P-value.
b
Chi square is used to calculate P-value.