Table 2.

Different DESs and their application in the synthesis of nanomaterials (NMs).

DESs	NM type	Surface group	Morphology	Role	Ref.
choline chloride/urea	alloys, iron	N/A, choline chloride-urea	dendrite-like and sharp-edged crystallites, nearly spherical	electrolyte for nanoparticle deposition, media for nanoparticle synthesis by a sputter deposition technique, solvent for chemical synthesis of nanomaterials	[79–80]
choline chloride/thiourea	chitin	acetic acid	whiskers	solvent for chemical synthesis of nanomaterials	[81]
choline chloride/1,3-dimethylurea	cobalt and nickel	N/A	coral-like	solvent for chemical synthesis of nanomaterials	[82]
choline chloride/malonic acid	cobalt	N/A	octahedral	solvent as well as structure-directing agent for chemical synthesis of nanomaterials	[83]
choline chloride/ethylene glycol	manganese	N/A	spherical	dispersant for nanoparticles and chemical synthesis of nanomaterials	[84]
choline chloride/acrylic acid	molybdenum, iron	poly(acrylic acid)	2D sheets	dispersant for nanoparticles and chemical synthesis of nanomaterials	[85]
choline chloride/p-toluenesulfonic acid	titanium	N/A	spherical	solvent as well as a structure-directing agent for chemical synthesis of nanomaterials	[86]
choline chloride/tris(hydroxymethyl)propane	graphite	epoxy resin	platelets	dispersant for nanomaterials	[87]