Table 3.

The use of carrageenan in synthesizing various nanomaterials (NMs) for potential chemical and biological applications.

NMs type	Surface group	Morphology	Role	Ref.
silica	κ-carrageenan	2-dimensional	wound healing	[110]
silver	κ-carrageenan	spherical	catalytic degradation of dyes	[111]
chitosan	alginate, carrageenan	spherical	drug delivery	[112]
iron	κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, λ-carrageenan	spherical	self-assembled nanoreactor yielding magnetite nanoparticles with polymer encapsulation	[113]
silver	κ-carrageenan	spherical	food packaging	[114]
silver	κ-carrageenan	spherical	antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity	[115]
gold	κ-carrageenan	spherical	antitumor activity	[32]