Table 1.

Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics of the Study Sample

	SARS-CoV-2 test result
		Negative (n = 55,328)		Positive (n = 3,310)
	n	Number	%	Number	%	pa
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age (years)
18–29	17,800	16,699	93·8	1,101	6·2	<0·001
30–59	35,347	33,457	94·6	1,890	5·4
> 60	5,096	4,790	94·0	306	6·0
Sex
Female	29,800	28,155	94·5	1,645	5·5	0·183
Male	28,812	27,147	94·2	1,665	5·8
Ethnic minority b
No	57,562	54,303	94·4	3,259	5·6	0·194
Yes	1,076	1,025	95·3	51	4·7
Immigrant
No	57,423	54,213	94·4	3,210	5·6	<0·001
Yes	1,215	1,115	91·7	100	8·3
Use of protective elements, type of occupation, and contact with COVID-19
Frequency of hand washing (times per day)
< 10	36,140	33,974	94·0	2,166	6·0	<0·001
≥ 10	21,377	20,308	95·0	1,069	5·0
Duration of hand washing (seconds)
< 20	19,415	18,299	94·3	1,116	5·7	0·203
≥ 20	38,102	35,983	94·4	2,119	5·6
Use of hand sanitizer
Yes	52,241	49,358	94·5	2,883	5·5	<0·001
No	5,260	4,908	93·3	352	6·7
Use of facemask during the day
Always	44,808	42,276	94·4	2,532	5·6	<0·001
Sometimes	11,744	11,135	94·8	609	5·2
Never	948	854	90·1	94	9·9
Number of cohabitants
> 3	23,604	22,025	93·3	1,579	6·7	<0·001
≤ 3	35,034	33,303	95·1	1,731	4·9
Occupation
Health worker	8,192	7,932	96·8	260	3·2	<0·001
Essential office work	11,602	11,065	95·4	537	4·6
Police/military/firefighter	1,623	1,475	90·9	148	9·1
Public/private driver	4,444	4,171	93·9	273	6·1
Construction worker	671	626	93·3	45	6·7
Contact with costumers/general service	12,665	11,747	92·8	918	7·2
Teacher/auxiliar/student	7,035	6,658	94·6	377	5·4
Other occupation c	6,914	6,602	95·5	312	4·5
Informal employment/ looking for a job	5,492	5,052	91·9	440	8·1
Use of public transportation
Public transport	14,078	13,409	95·3	669	4·7	<0·001
Private transport/walking	20,380	19,528	95·8	852	4·2
Living with a COVID-19 confirmed case
Yes	4,405	3,883	88·2	522	11·8	<0·001
No	50,627	48,225	95·3	2,402	4·7
Socioeconomic characteristics
Type of health care insurance
Contributive, special, exception	51,385	48,824	95·0	2,561	5·0	<0·001
Subsidiary	4,269	3,823	89·6	446	10·4
No affiliated, no determined	2,984	2,681	89·9	303	10·1
Socioeconomic strata d
High	2,239	2,187	97·7	52	2·3	<0·001
Middle-high	3,757	3,651	97·2	106	2·8
Middle	10,856	10,497	96·7	359	3·3
Middle-low	24,061	22,636	94·1	1,425	5·9
Low	14,632	13,644	93·2	988	6·8
Low-low	2,554	2,245	87·9	309	12·1

^aPearson's chi-squared test. N=58,638

^bEthnic groups: Indigenous, Black, Mulatto, and Gypsy.

^cother occupations: cooks, musicians, technicians, veterinarians, among others.

^dSocioeconomic strata as defined by the National Department of Statistics (DANE) of Colombia: 1 (very low strata) to 6 (high strata).