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Scheme of P-SICM on simultaneous recording of the topography and surface potential of cell membrane. The nanopipette is mounted on a Z-piezo actuator. The ion current that flows between the Ag/AgCl electrodes 1 and 2 is used as the feedback signal to control the distance between the nanopipette tip and the cell surface. Electrode 3 in another barrel is connected to a high-impedance differential amplifier to measure the extracellular potential near the pipette tip.
