| Background information |
Age (0–3, 4–8, and 9–17 years); gender (boys, girls); place of residence (urban, rural) |
| Cause of traumatic dental injury |
Falling, cycling, playing, fighting, other |
| Traumatized tooth |
The type of traumatized tooth in upper or lower jaw. Permanent premolars and molars were combined into two categories: upper posterior and lower posterior. Primary first and second molars were combined into two categories: upper posterior molars and lower posterior molars |
|
Type of trauma according to Andreasen et al
15
|
Fractures: enamel infraction, enamel fracture, enamel-dentine fracture, enamel-dentine-pulp fracture, uncomplicated crown-root fracture (without pulp involvement), complicated crown-root fracture (with pulp involvement), root fracture, alveolar fracture. luxations: concussion, subluxation, extrusion, lateral luxation, intrusion, and avulsion |
| Time elapsed from injury to first visit to the dentist |
Within an hour, 1–7 hours, the day after TDI, 2–6 days after TDI, 1 week or more after TDI |
| Treatment method |
Restoration (GIC, composite), pulp capping (Ca(OH)
2
; MTA); pulpotomy; root canal treatment; tooth splinting; tooth extraction; and orthodontic extrusion of a traumatically intruded tooth
|
| Complications |
Marginal periodontitis, pulp necrosis, chronic periapical periodontitis, root canal obliteration, abscess formation, external root resorption, and internal root resorption |
