Recommendation 5: Prevention and management of common complications.

Complications	Prevention and treatment	Level of evidence	Recommendation strength
5.1 Pneumothorax, hemothorax, air embolism, misdirected artery, etc	Ultrasound localization or intra-operative use of ultrasound-guided venipuncture[13,14]	I	Class A
5.2 Catheter-associated bloodstream infections	Strict asepsis; empirical use of antibiotics until drug sensitivity test results are available, and selection of drugs based on drug sensitivity after clarification of the infecting agent; removal of intravenous ports when treatment is ineffective[8,14]	II	Class A
5.3 Catheter-associated thrombosis	Avoid repeated punctures; position the catheter tip correctly. Once catheter-associated thrombosis occurs, anticoagulation is preferred[14]	II	Class A