Table 4. Outcome of studies included.

Characteristics of interventions and details of outcomes
Study/year	Meazzini et al 13	Russell et al 3	Westerlund et al 14	Holz et al 7
Abbreviations: LI, lateral incisor; NR, not reported; P, patients; UCLP, unilateral cleft lip and palate.
Radiographic follow-up: time interval(s); 2D, 3D	(76P): initial r-X: 4.9 ±1.8y and final r-X: 12.5± 4.9 y; panoramic r-X	initial r-X: 10 m before early graft, and 11m before late graft. Post-graft r-X: 2 y 8 m after early graft, and 1 y 8 m after late graft; panoramic r-X	initial r-X (59P): 7 y (6 y–8 y); final r-X (41P): 10 y (9y–11y); in both time intervals (32P)/panoramic r-X	r-X: before (T1), 3–12 m postgraft (T2), > 13 m postgraft (T3)/panoramic r-X/ mean time of follow-up: 33 m
Condition of graft	Unchanged 68.4%; Improved 25.3%; Worsened 6.3%	Success	Failure 11.8%	Success
Position of canine (rate of eruption)	Unchanged 36,8%; Improved 40%; Worsened 23.2% (45P permanent dentition–UCLP: 80% eruption; 15.5% retention; 4.5% surgical exposure) Eruption was strongly correlated with the previous inclination (Fisher, p < 0.00)	Early graft: abnormal vertical position 44% and abnormal lateral 28%; Late graft: abnormal vertical position 13% and abnormal lateral 30%.	Angulation: Cleft side 31.9⁰ and noncleft side 15.9⁰ ( p < 0.001); Pre-eruptive angulation on cleft side: 38.7⁰ (impacted canines) and 30⁰ (spontaneous eruption) ( p < 0.05); Impacted canines: cleft side 17.6% and noncleft side 2.9%; impaction (↑50%) with reoperation of the graft (mean: 12 y)	Cleft side: angulation T2 (65.62⁰) T3 (74.42⁰) ( p < 0.001); height T2 (–7.05 mm) T3 (–1.67 mm) ( p < 0.001); T3: impaction (24%) and eruption (76%) Noncleft side: angulation T2 (82.63⁰) T3 (86.62⁰) ( p < 0.001); height: T2 (–2.63 mm) T3 (–1.92 mm) ( p < 0.001); T3: Impaction (1.3%) and eruption (98.7%)
Position of canine versus LI	Subgroup 45P UCLP: 36P canine erupted (LI absent: 55.5% and LI present: 44.4%); 7P canine retained (LI absent: 42,8% and LI present: 57.1%); 2P surgical exposure (LI absent: 100% and LI present: 0%);	LI absent: abnormal vertical position 36% and abnormal lateral 32%. LI present: abnormal vertical position 36% and abnormal lateral 18%.	NR	LI Absent: impaction of canine (72.2%) and nonimpaction (33.3%) ( p = 0.006)
Postgraft orthodontic treatment /type and time	Subgroup 45P Permanent dentition, UCLP: 100% of orthodontic treatment, 70% underwent orthopedic expansion/NR	NR	Orthodontic treatment performed/NR	(T2) without orthodontic treatment, (T3) 28% fixed partial orthodontic treatment for correction of LI rotation
Conclusion	Early secondary gingival alveoloplasty appeared to allow adequate ossification in both the nasal and alveolar regions. Permanent tooth eruption occurred at a normal rate. Early secondary gingival alveoloplasty may be adopted to reduce the number of surgical interventions (without the need for secondary bone graft) without the need for invasive pre-surgical orthopedic treatment. To the contrary, patients submitted to early secondary gingival alveoloplasty appeared to exhibit a higher incidence of canine retention and need for orthopedic maxillary expansion.	Patients with complete alveolar clefts had a significantly changed canine position during eruption and had an increased risk of canine impaction in comparison with a population of patients without clefts. Both the time of bone grafting and presence of lateral incisors were factors capable of influencing the risk of canine impaction. Bone grafting must be planned in accordance with maxillofacial and dental development, considering the eruption and periodontal health of the teeth adjacent to the cleft.	The prevalence of impaction was ten times higher in comparison with that in the general population. The factors associated with canine impaction are a pre-eruptive inclination of >30⁰ and re-operation of the bone transplant.	The risks of canine impaction on the cleft side in patients with UCLP are associated with the increase in mesiodistal inclination (≤ 68⁰). Agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor on the cleft side is an indicator of early risk for canine impaction. Mesial displacement and superimposition on neighboring incisors could not clearly predict impaction on the cleft side in patients with UCLP.