Table 1.
Uni- and multivariable binary regression analyses of clinical and laboratory markers associated with NAS ≥ 5 on liver biopsy and adjusted for (A) PNPLA3 genotype, (B) TM6SF2 genotype, (C) HSD17B13 genotype and (D) “risk-allele” model (one point for each risk allele, e.g., PNPLA3 G-Allele, TM6SF2 T-Allele, HSD17B13 T-Allele; groups “no risk alleles” and “1 risk allele” have been subsumed into one group; to overcome potential effects of dilution by combining risk polymorphisms [PNPLA3,TM6SF2] with protective polymorphisms [HSD17B13], HSD17B13 T-Allele carriage was classified as the “risk allele” [rather than TA-Allele carriage as “protective”] for the combined “risk-allele” model)
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | p-value | aOR | 95%CI | p-value | |
| A | ||||||
| Age, per year | 1.00 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.529 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.660 |
| Sex, for being male | 1.03 | 0.73–1.46 | 0.848 | 0.57 | 0.38–0.86 | 0.007 |
| BMI, per unit | 0.98 | 0.96–0.99 | 0.002 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.490 |
| Diabetes, yes vs. no | 1.66 | 1.16–2.37 | 0.005 | 1.76 | 1.17–2.67 | 0.007 |
| ALT, per unit | 1.02 | 1.02–1.03 | < 0.001 | 1.02 | 1.02–1.03 | < 0.001 |
| PNPLA3 genotype | ||||||
| C/C vs. C/G | 1.76 | 1.21–2.57 | 0.003 | 1.45 | 0.96–2.19 | 0.075 |
| G/G | 3.31 | 1.96–5.58 | < 0.001 | 2.23 | 1.25–3.99 | 0.007 |
| B | ||||||
| Age, per year | – | – | – | 1.00 | 0.98–1.02 | 0.690 |
| Sex, for being male | – | – | – | 0.55 | 0.37–0.83 | 0.004 |
| BMI, per unit | – | – | – | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 0.402 |
| Diabetes, yes vs. no | – | – | – | 1.79 | 1.19–2.70 | 0.005 |
| ALT, per unit | – | – | – | 1.02 | 1.02–1.03 | < 0.001 |
| TM6SF2 genotype | ||||||
| C/C vs. T/– | 1.58 | 1.02–2.44 | 0.041 | 1.51 | 0.94–2.44 | 0.091 |
| C | ||||||
| Age, per year | – | – | – | 1.00 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.860 |
| Sex, for being male | – | – | – | 0.57 | 0.38–0.86 | 0.007 |
| BMI, per unit | – | – | – | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 0.406 |
| Diabetes, yes vs. no | – | – | – | 1.80 | 1.19–2.72 | 0.005 |
| ALT, per unit | – | – | – | 1.02 | 1.02–1.03 | < 0.001 |
| HSD17B13 genotype | ||||||
| T/T vs. T/TA | 0.66 | 0.46–0.96 | 0.031 | 0.65 | 0.43–0.98 | 0.041 |
| TA/TA | 0.43 | 0.20–0.94 | 0.034 | 0.40 | 0.17–0.93 | 0.033 |
| D | ||||||
| Age, per year | – | – | – | 1.00 | 0.98–1.02 | 0.702 |
| Sex, for being male | – | – | – | 0.57 | 0.38–0.87 | 0.009 |
| BMI, per unit | – | – | – | 0.99 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.666 |
| Diabetes, yes vs. no | – | – | – | 1.79 | 1.18–2.72 | 0.007 |
| ALT, per unit | – | – | – | 1.02 | 1.02–1.03 | < 0.001 |
| Risk Alleles (Number of) | ||||||
| 0–1 Alleles vs. 2 | 2.19 | 1.24–3.86 | 0.007 | 2.22 | 1.19–4.11 | 0.012 |
| 3 | 3.53 | 1.98–6.31 | < 0.001 | 3.42 | 1.81–6.46 | < 0.001 |
| 4 | 5.65 | 2.83–11.23 | < 0.001 | 4.65 | 2.17–9.95 | < 0.001 |
| 5 | 5.11 | 1.63–16.04 | 0.005 | 3.24 | 0.85–12.29 | 0.084 |