Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for the total population and for four clusters
| Variable | Total population (N = 114,231) | Cluster 1 (n = 12,133) | Cluster 2 (n = 27,888) | Cluster 3 (n = 41,555) | Cluster 4 (n = 32,825) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, female | 43.1 | 32.0 | 44.5 | 49.5 | 38.0 |
| Age at diagnosis, years | 62.8 ± 12.78 | 57.0 ± 11.68 | 65.4 ± 9.70 | 71.5 ± 9.01 | 51.8 ± 9.99 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.5 ± 5.65 | 31.6 ± 5.97 | 30.8 ± 5.19 | 28.0 ± 4.26 | 32.9 ± 6.17 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 54.3 ± 17.10 | 89.5 ± 21.12 | 50.9 ± 10.88 | 49.0 ± 10.09 | 50.9 ± 10.48 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.1 | 10.3 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.8 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 137.2 ± 17.37 | 137.8 ± 15.98 | 155.8 ± 14.88 | 132.0 ± 13.07 | 127.9 ± 11.69 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 79.6 ± 10.04 | 82.9 ± 9.60 | 88.6 ± 8.20 | 73.3 ± 7.69 | 78.7 ± 7.82 |
| Triacylglycerol, mmol/l | 2.0 ± 1.33 | 3.8 ± 2.55 | 1.8 ± 0.90 | 1.6 ± 0.78 | 2.0 ± 0.98 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.2 ± 0.38 | 1.0 ± 0.28 | 1.3 ± 0.35 | 1.4 ± 0.43 | 1.1 ± 0.27 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.1 ± 1.00 | 3.5 ± 1.08 | 3.4 ± 0.99 | 2.8 ± 0.92 | 3.1 ± 0.94 |
| eGFR, ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 | 84.8 ± 24.57 | 97.1 ± 26.99 | 80.7 ± 19.85 | 71.9 ± 18.35 | 100.0 ± 23.69 |
| Country of birth | |||||
| Sweden | 80.1 | 77.1 | 72.5 | 82.9 | 85.5 |
| Nordic countries (excl. Sweden) | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 6.3 | 5.5 |
| Europe (excl. EU27 & Nordic countries) | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 2.2 |
| EU27 (excl. Nordic countries) | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| Mediterranean countries | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Middle East | 4.5 | 5.6 | 8.8 | 2.7 | 1.9 |
| Asia | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| South America | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| North America & Oceania | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Africa | 1.6 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
Data are means ± SD or percentages
Clinical characteristics for the NDR population as a total and divided into four clusters
The cluster analysis is based on the k-means algorithm using imputed and normalised observations on age, BMI, HbA1c, systolic BP, diastolic BP, triacylglycerol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and eGFR from individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
The regions represent countries of birth grouped in larger areas