Table 2.
Clinicopathological characteristics of study subjects.
| Without probiotics (N = 224) | With probiotics (N = 94) | χ2/Z | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxygen administration | 2.623 | 0.105 | ||
| No | 78 (35%) | 24 (26%) | ||
| Yes | 146 (65%) | 70 (74%) | ||
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 0.173 | 0.677 | ||
| No | 50 (22%) | 19 (20%) | ||
| Yes | 174 (78%) | 75 (80%) | ||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 11.880 | 0.001 | ||
| No | 140 (63%) | 39 (42%) | ||
| Yes | 84 (37%) | 55 (59%) | ||
| Duration of mechanical ventilation after admission (days) | 8 (3–14) | 8.5 (3–18) | 0.375 | 0.708 |
| BPD or death | 75.168 | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 97 (43%) | 90 (96%) | ||
| Yes | 127 (56%) | 4 (4%) | ||
| PDA | 6.363 | 0.012 | ||
| No | 66 (30%) | 15 (16%) | ||
| Yes | 158 (70%) | 79 (84%) | ||
| RDS | 7.183 | 0.007 | ||
| No | 113 (50%) | 32 (34%) | ||
| Yes | 111 (50%) | 62 (66%) | ||
| Ivh | 9.871 | 0.002 | ||
| No | 129 (58%) | 36 (38%) | ||
| Yes | 95 (42%) | 58 (62%) | ||
| ROP | 1.813 | 0.178 | ||
| No | 64 (29%) | 20 (21%) | ||
| Yes | 160 (71%) | 74 (78%) | ||
| NEC | 2.615 | 0.106 | ||
| No | 221 (99%) | 90 (96%) | ||
| Yes | 3 (1%) | 4 (4%) | ||
| Receive caffeine | 0.218 | 0.641 | ||
| No | 144 (64%) | 63 (67%) | ||
| Yes | 80 (36%) | 31 (33%) | ||
| Pulmonary surfactant | 2.703 | 0.100 | ||
| No | 138 (62%) | 67 (71%) | ||
| Yes | 86 (38%) | 27 (29%) | ||