Table 2.
Prevalence, incidence, and mortality of pre-existing and acute HF in COVID-19.
| Study (year) | Number of patients | Number of patients with history of HF | Prevalence of HF history (%) | Main outcome of patients with history of HF | Incidence of acute HF during COVID-19 (%) | Outcome in acute HF patients |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inciardi et al. (21) | 99 | 21 | 21 | Higher mortality in HF vs. non-HF patients (57 vs. 18%, p = 0.009) | – | – |
| Shi et al. (24) | 671 | 22 | 3.3 | History of HF was more prevalent in dead patients vs. survivors (21 vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001) | – | Acute HF was the cause of death in 19.4% of cases. |
| Petrilli et al. (19) | 5,279 | 367 | 7 | Adjusted HR for death 1.77 (95% CI, 1.43–2.2, p < 0.001) | – | – |
| Lala et al. (25) | 2,736 | 276 | 10.1 | HR for death 1.03 (95% CI, 0.77–1.37, p = 0.867) | – | – |
| Richardson et al. (20) | 5,700 | 371 | 6.9 | – | – | – |
| Rey et al. (26) | 3,080 | 152 | 4.9 | Higher mortality in HF vs. non-HF patients (48.7 vs. 19%, p < 0.001) | 2.5 | Acute HF patients had higher mortality (46.8 vs. 19.7%, p < 0.001 |
| Tomasoni et al. (27) | 692 | 90 | 13 | Adjusted HR for death 2.25 (95% CI, 1.26–4.02, p = 0.006) | 9.1 | Acute HF patients had higher mortality (40.0 vs. 21.8%, p = 0.004) |
| Zhou et al. (17) | 191 | – | – | – | 23 | Acute HF was more prevalent in dead patients vs. survivors (52 vs. 12%, p < 0.0001) |
| Alvarez-Garcia et al. (28) | 6,439 | 422 | 6.6 | Adjusted OR for death 1.88 (1.27–2.78, p = 0.002) | 0.6 (de-novo HF) | De-novo HF patients had increased risk of ICU (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2–3.8) and intubation (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2–4.3), but not mortality (HR, 1.1, 95% CI, 0.6–2.0) |
CI, confidence interval; COVID-1, Coronavirus Disease 2019; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio.