Fig. 1:

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) treatment results in a time-dependent increase in mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in brain neurons of neonatal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Neuronal cells were obtained from the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus and incubated with 2 ng/mL TNFα in Neurobasal-A medium for 3, 6 and 24 h respectively. Cells were collected and their mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators were measured using real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Each treatment using 2~3 well of neuronal cells, and each experiment was repeated using 3 different batch of cells, the results were combined. Data were normalized to the housekeeping gene, GAPDH (n=6~9/group, *P<0.05)