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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: FEBS J. 2021 Mar 6;289(1):102–112. doi: 10.1111/febs.15786

Figure 5. Models for tail-anchored protein and multi-pass membrane protein biogenesis.

Figure 5.

The top panel shows that YidC and EMC are able to facilitate membrane insertion of both tail-anchored proteins and multi-pass membrane proteins. The red asterisk indicates the collision point between the EMC cytosolic region and the ribosome, which could prevent the EMC from physically contacting the translocon. The bottom panel presents the GET complex that facilitates tail-anchored protein biogenesis, the TMCO1 complex, and the PAT complex that facilitate multi-pass membrane protein folding. The GET complex and ribosome–TMCO1 complex are sketched based on published cryo-EM maps (GET: EMD-10266 and EMD-11607; TMCO1: EMD-21426 and EMD-21427) [12, 14].