Table 1.
Antibiotic Resistance (ABR) Genes Tested in the Study, Their Groups and Antibiotic Classes
| Antibiotic Names and Classes | Resistance Gene Group | ABR Genes |
|---|---|---|
| Aminopenicillin (Ampicillin) Beta-lactamase Inhibitor Combination (Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Piperacillin/Tazobactam) Cephalosporins (Cefepime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefoxitin, Cefazolin, Cefaclor) |
Ampicillin resistance genes | AmpC, FOX, ACC |
| DHA, MOX/CMY, BIL/LAT/CMY | ||
| Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases resistance genes | CTX-M group 1 | |
| CTX-M group 2 | ||
| CTX-M group 8/25 | ||
| CTX-M group 9 | ||
| OXA-1 | ||
| SHV | ||
| TEM | ||
| VEB | ||
| GES * | ||
| Methicillin resistance genes | mecA | |
| Fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin) | Quinolone and fluoroquinolone resistance genes | QnrA |
| QnrB | ||
| Glycopeptides (Vancomycin) | Vancomycin resistance genes | vanA1 |
| vanA2 | ||
| vanB | ||
| Carbapenems (Meropenem) | Carbapenems resistance genes | IMP-1 group * |
| KPC | ||
| OXA-23 * | ||
| OXA-40 | ||
| OXA-48 | ||
| VIM |
Notes: ABR genes marked with * are the genes that were tested but not detected.