Table 2. Clinical characteristics of subjects with hypokalemia versus normokalemia after bowel cleansing – T1.
| Hypokalemia | Normokalemia | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
| N = 104 | N = 1769 | OR (95 % CI) | P value | OR (95 % CI) | P value | |
| Age, yrs (mean ± SD) | 65.6 ± 13.5 | 61.1 ± 14.6 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.003 1 | 0.99 (0.98–1.02) | 0.81 |
| Sex, female | 64 (61.5 %) | 826 (46.7 %) | 1.84 (1.23–2.76) | 0.003 1 | 1.71 (1.04–2.81) | 0.035 1 |
| ASA | 0.03 1 | 0.45 | ||||
| 1 | 25 (24.0 %) | 585 (33.1 %) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2 | 70 (67.3 %) | 1110 (67.3 %) | 1.48 (0.93–2.35) | 0.10 | 1.07 (0.58–1.99) | 0.82 |
| 3 | 9 (8.7 %) | 74 (4.2 %) | 2.85 (1.28–6.33) | 0.01 1 | 1.99 (0.65–6.07) | 0.23 |
| Setting, hospitalized | 8 (7.7 %) | 55 (3.1 %) | 2.60 (1.20–5.61) | 0.015 1 | 1.22 (0.24–6.14) | 0.81 |
| Indication | 0.91 | |||||
| Symptoms | 59 (56.7 %) | 1005 (56.8 %) | Ref | |||
| Screening | 21 (20.2 %) | 311 (17.6 %) | 1.15 (0.69–1.92) | 0.60 | ||
| Surveillance | 24 (23.1 %) | 446 (25.2 %) | 0.92 (0.56–1.49) | 0.73 | ||
| Therapeutic | 0 (0 %) | 7 (0.4 %) | 2 | 1.00 | ||
| Indication, symptoms | ||||||
| Stool change | 13 (12.5 %) | 239 (13.5 %) | 0.92 (0.50–1.66) | 0.77 | ||
| Anemia | 3 (2.9 %) | 39 (2.2 %) | 2 | 0.65 | ||
| Hematochezia | 22 (21.2 %) | 397 (22.4 %) | 0.93 (0.57–1.50) | 0.76 | ||
| Diarrhea | 13 (12.5 %) | 182 (10.3 %) | 1.25 (0.68–2.27) | 0.47 | ||
| Abdominal pain/discomfort | 8 (7.7 %) | 148 (8.4 %) | 0.91 (0.44–1.91) | 0.81 | ||
| Laboratory findings T0 | ||||||
| Hypomagnesemia (N = 1548) | 7 (9.1 %) | 33 (2.2 %) | 4.36 (1.86–10.20) | 0.001 1 | 2.32 (0.86–6.25) | 0.097 |
| CKD, MDRD < 30 | 0 (0 %) | 14 (0.8 %) | 2 | 1.00 | ||
| Colonoscopy findings | ||||||
| BBPS ≥ 6 | 91 (87.5 %) | 1613 (91.2 %) | 0.68 (0.37–1.24) | 0.21 | ||
| Adenoma | 26 (25.0 %) | 517 (29.2 %) | 0.81 (0.51–1.27) | 0.36 | ||
| Diverticulosis | 26 (4.5 %) | 549 (31.1 %) | 0.74 (0.47–1.17) | 0.20 | ||
| CRC | 10 (9.6 %) | 64 (3.6 %) | 2.68 (1.33–5.36) | 0.006 1 | 4.42(1.85–10.53) | 0.001 1 |
| Active IBD | 98 (94.2 %) | 1710 (96.7 %) | 0.56 (0.24–1.34) | 0.19 | ||
| Medication | ||||||
| Thiazide diuretics | 34 (32.7 %) | 182 (10.3 %) | 4.28 (2.76–6.63) | < 0.001 1 | 3.64 (1.97–6.70) | < 0.001 1 |
| Loop diuretics | 9 (8.7 %) | 80 (4.5 %) | 2.02 (0.98–4.14) | 0.056 | ||
| Beta-blockers | 40 (38.5 %) | 358 (20.2 %) | 2.45 (1.62–3.70) | < 0.001 1 | 1.27 (0.70–2.30) | 0.43 |
| RAAS activators | 34 (32.7 %) | 452 (25.6 %) | 1.40 (0.92–2.14) | 0.12 | ||
| Protonpumpinhibitors | 40 (38.5 %) | 507 (28.7 %) | 1.56 (1.03–2.34) | 0.034 1 | 1.30 (0.77–2.19) | 0.33 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| IBD | 4 (3.8 %) | 48 (2.7 %) | 2 | 0.50 | ||
| CRC | 8 (7.7 %) | 115 (6.5 %) | 1.20 (0.57–2.53) | 0.63 | ||
| Hypertension | 56 (53.8 %) | 610 (34.5 %) | 2.22 (1.49–3.30) | < 0.001 1 | 1.35 (0.70–2.61) | 0.37 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (10.6 %) | 196 (11.1 %) | 0.95 (0.50–1.80) | 0.87 | ||
| High cardiac risk 3 | 20 (19.2 %) | 261 (14.8 %) | 1.38 (0.83–2.28) | 0.22 | ||
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CKD, chronic kidney disease; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease; BBPS, Boston Bowel Preparation Scale; CRC, colorectal cancer; IBD, irritable bowel disease; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
1
P < 0.05
2
Fisher’s exact test used.
3
Patients vulnerable to cardiac arrhytmias, see also Table 3 .