Table 1.

Verbal de-escalation techniques for youth with acute agitation

De-escalation Technique	Example
Respect personal space	2 arm length distance
Body language	Calm demeanor, facial expression, posture
Minimize stimulation	Dim lights, reduce noise, minimize staff
Simple instructions	Single step, with adequate time to respond
Ask patient what helps	“What helps you at times like this?”
Active listening	“Tell me if I have this right,” “What I heard is…”
Build empathy	“What you’re experiencing is difficult”
Set expectations and consequences	“If you’re having a hard time staying safe or controlling your behavior, we will…”
Choices, redirection, distraction	“What else could you do? Would (activity) help?”
Reward cooperation	Snacks, crayons, toys, stickers
Soothing sensory tools	Vibration tube, fidget toys, sunglasses, headphones, vibrating teether, chewy tubes, rainstick, pop tubes, bells
Enhance communication	Visuals such as storyboards, demonstration, have caregiver give instructions