Table 2.
Mean dietary intake of participants by categories of DPI(n = 2326)
| Total n = 2326 |
Q1 n = 581 |
Q2 n = 582 |
Q3 n = 582 |
Q4 n = 581 |
P* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | |
| Dietary PI | 23.13 | 9.95 | 12.5 | 3.15 | 19.4 | 1.36 | 24.53 | 1.79 | 36.08 | 9.2 | < 0.001 |
| Energy (kca/day) | 2863.76 | 1298.27 | 3520.42 | 1440.08 | 2650.68 | 1219.47 | 2495.22 | 1110.39 | 2789.73 | 1157.02 | < 0.001 |
| Protein(g/day) | 113.8 | 58.98 | 133.26 | 69.13 | 107.93 | 57.99 | 102.37 | 46.91 | 111.65 | 55.18 | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate(g/day) | 402.76 | 213.28 | 498.40 | 277.58 | 363.92 | 177.14 | 345.38 | 160.65 | 403.52 | 184.49 | < 0.001 |
| Total Fat(g/day) | 111.76 | 72.15 | 156.78 | 93.97 | 101.80 | 59.99 | 92.27 | 52.12 | 96.24 | 54.41 | < 0.001 |
| Cholesterol(mg/day) | 394.11 | 382.97 | 501.18 | 578.68 | 385.51 | 325.27 | 352.21 | 261.88 | 337.64 | 248.73 | < 0.001 |
| SFA (g/day) | 31.11 | 18.12 | 41.75 | 23.15 | 29.47 | 16.17 | 26.84 | 13.60 | 26.38 | 13.29 | < 0.001 |
| MUFA (g/day) | 34.36 | 24.52 | 48.61 | 32.36 | 31.65 | 21.08 | 28.07 | 17.59 | 29.13 | 18.16 | < 0.001 |
| PUFA (g/day) | 28.54 | 24.21 | 36.71 | 31.02 | 25.40 | 20.29 | 23.20 | 15.67 | 28.85 | 24.98 | < 0.001 |
| EPA(mg/day) | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.742 |
| DHA(mg/day) | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.686 |
| Total Fiber(g/day) | 27.68 | 24.21 | 33.70 | 33.24 | 22.83 | 15.83 | 24.48 | 22.51 | 29.71 | 20.31 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) | 11.12 | 11.38 | 12.43 | 12.92 | 11.49 | 11.20 | 10.52 | 10.44 | 10.02 | 10.67 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin A (RAE/day) | 23.38 | 33.91 | 19.11 | 15.64 | 19.77 | 27.55 | 20.07 | 18.52 | 34.57 | 55.62 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin D(μg/day) | 1.49 | 2.40 | 1.85 | 3.67 | 1.46 | 1.73 | 1.48 | 2.33 | 1.18 | 1.04 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin K(μg/day) | 166.04 | 243.82 | 191.19 | 349.82 | 160.03 | 224.99 | 160.26 | 175.61 | 152.70 | 182.90 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin C(mg/day) | 207.27 | 181.14 | 164.09 | 111.82 | 182.77 | 135.30 | 202.85 | 142.61 | 279.43 | 269.46 | < 0.001 |
| Folic acid(μg/day) | 371.68 | 211.10 | 377.25 | 194.99 | 336.60 | 200.11 | 341.72 | 169.03 | 431.26 | 257.21 | < 0.001 |
| VitaminB12(μg/day) | 6.03 | 5.92 | 7.51 | 7.01 | 6.07 | 5.75 | 5.42 | 4.33 | 5.1302 | 6.02 | < 0.001 |
| Magnesium(mg/day) | 335.41 | 172.25 | 363.17 | 176.91 | 308.04 | 165.64 | 307.91 | 154.04 | 362.64 | 182.63 | < 0.001 |
| Potassium(mg/day) | 4072.06 | 2098.04 | 4197.37 | 1950.44 | 3652.56 | 1823.79 | 3810.11 | 1869.87 | 4629.36 | 2536.55 | < 0.001 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 11.90 | 5.93 | 13.66 | 7.05 | 11.17 | 5.63 | 10.77 | 4.71 | 11.98 | 5.67 | < 0.001 |
| Fe(mg/day) | 42.33 | 56.92 | 38.28 | 46.98 | 38.99 | 44.58 | 39.77 | 44.42 | 52.29 | 81.72 | < 0.001 |
| Fruits(g/day) | 585.45 | 512.03 | 386.67 | 264.58 | 495.06 | 356.73 | 604.30 | 418.80 | 855.89 | 745.9 | < 0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day) | 216.26 | 246.33 | 198. 7 | 235.6 | 196.85 | 158.86 | 215.69 | 297.83 | 253.82 | 267.4 | < 0.001 |
| Legumes (g/day) | 47.25 | 58.01 | 45.42 | 59.78 | 40.95 | 38.98 | 44.11 | 36.19 | 58.55 | 83.09 | < 0.001 |
| Nuts (g/day) | 23.01 | 34.01 | 25.84 | 34.20 | 17.21 | 20.59 | 18.02 | 22.16 | 31.01 | 49.18 | < 0.001 |
| Whole grains (g/day) | 73.55 | 68.49 | 49.41 | 53.29 | 68.66 | 51.01 | 77.01 | 59.27 | 99.11 | 92.54 | < 0.001 |
| Fructose (g/day) | 30.67 | 28.36 | 36.15 | 41.40 | 26.82 | 20.24 | 26.78 | 18.95 | 32.94 | 25.98 | < 0.001 |
DHA Docosahexaenoic acid, MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acid, SFA Saturated fatty acid, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid
DPI Dietary phytochemical index, Data are shown mean ± SD, *Pvalues from ANOVA and were considered < 0.05 significant