Table 1.
The influencing Climatic factors and their impacts on transmission of COVID-19.
| Influencing factors | Impacts on transmission | References |
|---|---|---|
| Air temperature | Air temperature was substantially linked with COVID-19 transmission at the community level, and oppositely, a few investigations discovered no significant correlation between temperature and transmission with COVID-19. In addition, arid and tropical climate conditions are less conducive to the virus spreading. | (Tosepu et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Xie and Zhu 2020; Sajadi et al., 2020; Araujo and Naimi, 2020; Bashir et al., 2020; Şahin, 2020; Mehmood et al., 2021; Rahman et al., 2021 |
| Humidity | High absolute humidity performs a slowdown in transmissions. In contrast to this finding, many studies reported that low relative humidity likely favored the transmission of COVID-19 and showed an interactive effect between daily temperature and relative humidity on COVID-19 incidence. | Bukhari and Jameel, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Qi et al., 2020; Sajadi et al., 2020; Mecenas et al., 2020 |
| Rainfall | Rainfall is not significantly correlated with COVID-19 transmission. One hypothesis is that rain (in comparison to sunny weather) strengthens the 'stay-at-home' order. On the contrary, one research finding showed that the higher attack rate of COVID-19 was significantly associated with moderate cumulative precipitation. | (Tosepu et al., 2020; Menebo, 2020; Chien and Chen, 2020; Wei et al., 2020 |
| wind speed | Poor air quality, along with strong winds, makes the virus more vulnerable to spreading, leading to an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. On the other hand, a new study discovered that low wind speeds are linked to increased COVID-19 infection and association with the wind blows. | Bashir et al., 2020a, Coskun et al., 2021; Rendana, 2020; Coccia, 2021, 2021a; Şahin, 2020 |
| Air pollution | Atmospheric pollution can be regarded as a contributing factor to COVID-19 transmission being so high. Long-term exposure to air pollution induces a chronic inflammatory response, even in young and healthy individuals. PM2.5, O3, and NO2 have a strong correlation with the recent COVID-19 outbreak. | Bilal et al., 2021; Glencross et al., 2020; Conticini et al., 2020; Contini and Costabile, 2020; Coccia, 2021 |