Table 2.
Concentrations of Arsenic and Cadmium Across Treatment Samples Compared with World Health Organization Standards
| Treatment | UW | MOU | MOF | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||
| Chicken part | B | L | K | G | B | L | K | G | B | L | K | G | |
| As (mg/k) | Max | 103 | 166 | 794 | 50.1 | 18.4 | 31.4 | 713 | 42.9 | 43.8 | 435 | 196 | 424 |
| Min | 99.5 | 28.4 | 281 | 11.7 | 9.82 | 22.9 | 451 | 15.1 | 12.9 | 320 | 131 | 376 | |
| Mean | 101* | 66.8* | 502* | 33.3* | 12.2* | 28* | 564* | 32.7* | 22.7* | 380* | 161* | 391* | |
| Med | 99.7 | 58.5 | 462 | 40.9 | 11.3 | 28.6 | 561 | 34.8 | 20.1 | 403 | 158 | 384 | |
| SD | 1.11 | 15.0 | 97 | 2.01 | 1.00 | 1.0 | 40.3 | 1.01 | 3.35 | 16.5 | 7.69 | 6.16 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Cd (mg/K) | Max | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.050 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.67 | 0.44 | .04 |
| Min | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.02 | |
| Mean | 0.04* | 0.06 | 0.06* | 0.03* | 0.01* | 0.036 | 0.17* | 0.03* | 0.02* | 0.158 | 0.266* | 0.03* | |
| Med | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.065 | 0.040 | 0.02 | 0.035 | 0.13 | 0.030 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.03 | |
| SD | 0.0234 | 0.012 | 0.055 | 0.0120 | 0.0014 | 0.006 | 0.0395 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.075 | 0.0358 | 0.0021 | |
| WHO/FAO Standard21 | AS (mg/Kg) 0.1 | Cd (mg/Kg) 0.3 | |||||||||||
*indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).
Abbreviations: B, breast; L, liver; K, kidney; G, gizzard; MOF, well water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds and filtered; MOU, well water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds but not filtered; UW, untreated water