Table 3.
Concentrations of Chromium and Copper Across Treatment Samples Compared with World Health Organization Standards
| Treatment | UW | MOU | MOF | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||
| Chicken part | B | L | K | G | B | L | K | G | B | L | K | G | |
| Cr (mg/Kg) | Max | 0.91 | 0.71 | 1.26 | 0.98 | 1.21 | 4.34 | 3.87 | 1.47 | 1.94 | 12.8 | 14.2 | 2.52 |
| Min | 0.73 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.4 | 0.65 | 2.13 | 2.89 | 1.34 | 1.46 | 11.6 | 13.2 | 2.26 | |
| Mean | 0.80* | 0.58* | 0.86* | 0.73* | 0.99* | 3.0* | 3.15* | 1.43* | 1.75* | 12.3* | 13.8* | 2.39* | |
| Med | 0.815 | 0.56 | 0.865 | 0.77 | 1.07 | 2.99 | 3.06 | 1.44 | 1.76 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 2.39 | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Cu (mg/Kg) | SD | 0.0205 | 0.033 | 0.118 | 0.0762 | 0.0732 | 0.251 | 0.113 | 0.0139 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.119 | 0.0353 |
| Max | 0.81 | 9.49 | 14.1 | 8.03 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 4.66 | 6.38 | 1.60 | 9.93 | 15.1 | 7.27 | |
| Min | 0.68 | 4.68 | 11.1 | 5.54 | 9.88 | 2.22 | 3.84 | 5.02 | 0.54 | 8.17 | 9.98 | 6.97 | |
| Mean | 0.76* | 7.19* | 12.6* | 7.80* | 10.5* | 3.90* | 4.19* | 6.01* | 1.12* | 9.06* | 12.2* | 7.24* | |
| Med | 0.78 | 7.45 | 12.5 | 8.03 | 10.4 | 2.97 | 4.06 | 6.38 | 1.1 | 9.15 | 12.1 | 7.27 | |
| SD | 0.0157 | 0.668 | 0.519 | 0.577 | 0.242 | 0.193 | 1.07 | 0.123 | 0.228 | 0.135 | 0.893 | 0.0663 | |
| WHO/FAO Standard21 | Cr (mg/Kg) 1.0 | Cu (mg/Kg) 0.4 | |||||||||||
*indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).
Abbreviations: B, breast; L, liver; K, kidney; G, gizzard; MOF, well water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds and filtered; MOT, well water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds but not filtered; UW, untreated water