Table 1.
Immune responses of fragile patients: current evidence.
| Author | Disease | Vaccines | n | Immune assessment | Timing of assessment | Vaccine responders | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1^ dose (n) | 2^ dose (n) | |||||||
| Monin-Aldama L, 2021 (5) | Solid and haematological malignancies | BNT162b2 | 151 | Antibody seroconversion, T cell responses, and neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and of a variant of concern (B.1.1.7) | X (118) | X (30) | 15%-40% | Efficacy increased by boosting at 21-days (95% within 2 weeks of boost) in solid cancer patients . |
| Bird S, 2021 (6) | Multiple Myeloma | BNT162b2 | 93 | SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies directed against the Spike-protein | X (93) | 70% | ||
| ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 | ||||||||
| Boyarsky BJ, 2021 (7) | Organ transplant | BNT162b2mRNA-1273 | 436 | SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies directed against the Spike-protein | X (427) | 31% (BNT162b2) | Increased antibody response in young, in absence of immunosuppressive therapy, and with mRNA-1273. | |
| 69% (mRNA-1273) | ||||||||
| Herishanu Y, 2021 (8) | CLL | BNT162b2 | 167 | SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies directed against the Spike-protein | X (167) | 39.5% | Vaccine responders: 79.2% among complete disease responders, 55.2% in treatment-naïve, and 16% in patients under treatment. | |
| Agha M, 2021 (9) | Haematological malignancies | BNT162b2 | 67 | SARS-CoV-2 Ig Ma and IgG antibodies directed against the Spike-protein | X (67) | 54% | ||
| mRNA-1273 | ||||||||
| Wong SI, 2021 (10) | Inflammatory bowel disease | BNT162b2 | 48 | SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies directed against the Spike-protein, and Nucleocapsid-protein | X (22) | X (26) | 71.4 and 100% after the 1^ and 2^ dose | Decreased antibody titers in patients receiving anti-TNF therapies. |
| mRNA-1273 | ||||||||
| Geisen UM, 2021 (11) | CID | BNT162b2 | 26 | SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies directed against the Spike-protein; neutralising antibodies ELISA-based neutralisation test system; SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies | X (26) | 100% | IgG titres lower in patients with CID as compared with healthy controls. No patients experienced flare up of CID. | |
| mRNA-1273 | ||||||||
| Rabinowich L, 2021 (12) | Organ transplant | BNT162b2 | 80 | SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies directed against the Spike-protein, and Nucleocapsid-protein | X (80) | 47.5% | ||
| Grupper A, 2021 (13) | Organ transplant | BNT162b2 | 136 | SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies directed against the Spike-protein | X (136) | 37.5% | ||
| Chavarot N, 2021 (14) | Organ transplant | BNT162b2 | 101 | SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies directed against the Spike-protein | X (101) | X (35) | 2% and 5.7% after the 1^ and 2^ dose | |
| mRNA-1273 | ||||||||
CLL, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CID, Chronic inflammatory diseases.