Extended Data Figure 7. Surrogate molecules chosen for quantum chemical calculations.

a, b, Structures of the surrogate molecules chosen for quantum chemical calculations to represent the ELVOC monomer, E₁, C₁₀H₁₄O₇ (a) and the covalently bound dimer, E₂, C₂₀H₃₀O₁₄ (b). Grey spheres represent carbon atoms, red are oxygen atoms and white are hydrogen atoms. We show their proposed formation mechanisms in Extended Data Fig. 3.