Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Studies.
| Study ID | Country | % Females | Message type | Overall RoB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aerni et al. (2011) | Switzerland | NR | Organic | Unclear |
| Aguilar et al. (2010) | USA | 60.0% | Organic, other (pesticide-free) | High |
| Aizaki et al. (2013) | Japan | 72.4% | Environmentally sustainable | Low |
| Akaichi et al. (2016) | Scotland, France, & the Netherlands | NR | Organic, GHG emissions | Unclear |
| Ankamah-Yeboah et al. (2018) | Germany | 60.3% | Organic, ASC certified | High |
| Aoki and Akai (2013) | Japan | NR | GHG emissions | High |
| Aoki et al. (2017) | Japan & Thailand | 62.4% (Thailand) & 49.9% (Japan) | Organic | Unclear |
| Apaolaza et al. (2017) | Spain | 34.0% | Organic | Unclear |
| Aprile et al. (2012) | Italy | 63.0% | Organic | High |
| Bauer et al. (2013) | Germany | 54.3% | Organic | Low |
| Blend and Van Ravenswaay (1999) | USA | 77.0% | Environmentally sustainable | High |
| Borin et al. (2011) | USA | NR | Other (pesticide use) | High |
| Brach et al. (2018) | Germany | 58.1% | Organic, environmentally sustainable | High |
| Brayden et al. (2018) | USA | 52.3% | Organic, environmentally sustainable | High |
| Brunner et al. (2018) | Sweden | 30.0% | GHG emissions | High |
| Campbell-Arvai et al. (2014) | USA | 52.7% | Environmentally sustainable | Unclear |
| Caputo et al. (2018) | Belgium | 63.0% | Organic, environmentally sustainable | Low |
| Carlsson et al. (2010) | Sweden | 44.0% | Organic, environmentally sustainable | Low |
| Carlucci et al. (2017) | Italy | 55.4% | Organic | Low |
| Cho (2014) | USA | 38.4% | Environmentally sustainable | High |
| Cho and Baskin (2018) | USA | 39.6% | Environmentally sustainable | Low |
| Cholette et al. (2013) | USA | 51.0% | GHG emissions | Unclear |
| Cosmina et al. (2016) | Italy | 62.0% | Organic | Unclear |
| Daunfeldt and Rudholm (2014) | Sweden | NR | Organic | Unclear |
| Delmas and Lessem (2017) | USA | 47.6% | Organic | Low |
| De Pelsmacker et al. (2005) | Belgium | 59.3% | Environmentally sustainable | High |
| Durham et al. (2012) | USA | 70.6% (Minnesota), 60.3% (Portland), 67.4% (Rhode Island) | Environmentally sustainable | Unclear |
| Elofsson et al. (2016) | Sweden | NR | GHG emissions | Low |
| Fernandez-Polanco et al. (2013) | Spain | 78.0% | Environmentally sustainable | High |
| Gosselt et al. (2019) | The Netherlands | 55.0% | Environmentally sustainable | Low |
| Grebitus et al. (2013) | Canada | 52.0% | GHG emissions, Other (water use) | High |
| Grunert et al. (2014) | UK, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden & Poland | UK: 50.8%, France: 50.6%, Germany: 55%, Spain: 47.5%, Poland: 50.8%, Sweden: 50.7% | GHG emissions | Unclear |
| Gumirakiza et al. (2017) | USA | 61.9% | Organic | High |
| Hallstein and Villas-Boas (2013) | USA | NR | Environmentally sustainable | Low |
| Harwood and Drake (2018) | USA | NR | Organic, environmentally sustainable | High |
| Hoek et al. (2017) | Australia | 65.0% | Environmentally sustainable | Low |
| Hoogland et al. (2007) | The Netherlands | 67.0% | Organic | Low |
| Jaffry et al. (2004) | UK | NR | Environmentally sustainable | Low |
| Kim et al. (2013) | USA | NR | Organic | High |
| Lee et al. (2018) | Taiwan | 64.8% | Organic | High |
| Lee et al. (2018) | Taiwan | 74.0% | Organic | High |
| Mondelaers et al. (2009) | Belgium | NR | Organic | High |
| Osman and Thornton (2019) | UK | 70% (exp 1), 33.4% (exp 2) | Environmentally sustainable, GHG emissions | High |
| Panzone et al. (2011) | UK | 62.2% | GHG emissions | High |
| Pelletier et al. (2016) | Australia | NR | GHG emissions | High |
| Peschel et al. (2016) | Canada & Germany | 52.0% (C), 55.0% (G) | GHG emissions, other (water use) | High |
| Risius et al. (2017) | Germany | 65.0% | Organic, environmentally sustainable | Low |
| Rokka c (2008) | Finland | 62.0% | Environmentally sustainable | High |
| Seo et al. (2019) | Japan | 100.0% | Organic, other (pesticide use) | Unclear |
| Shuai et al. (2014) | China | 58.1% | GHG emissions | High |
| Silva et al. (2017) | Brazil | 70.0% | Environmentally sustainable, organic | High |
| Vlaeminck et al. (2014) | Belgium | 54.0% | GHG emissions, Other (water use, land use) | Low |
| Wessells et al. (1999) | USA | NR | Environmentally sustainable | High |
| Wuepper et al. (2019) | Germany | 51.0% | Other (water use) | Low |
| Zanoli et al. (2015) | Italy | 70.3% | Organic | Low |
Note. NR = not reported; GHG = greenhouse gas; RoB = risk of bias.