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. 2021 Aug 10;9:688605. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688605

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Copyright © 2021 Chen, Fan, Wang, Tang, Zhai and Shen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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An overview of the mechanisms of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation. Free iron ions accumulate and catalyze the Fenton reaction, leading to the formation of lipid peroxides and eventually ferroptosis. The System xc^–/GSH/GPX4 axis is regarded as the primary pathway involved in ferroptosis. Inhibiting SLC7A11 and GPX4 leads to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation, causing ferroptotic cell death. Also, FSP1-CoQ10 and GCH1-BH4/BH2 are two GPX4-independent pathways in the inhibition of ferroptosis.