Table 2.
Overall results of the psychometric test (N = 451).
| Subscale of DREEM (number of items) | Max | Min | Mean | SD | Number of problematic items |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPL (12) | 40 | 2 | 20.08 | 6.76 | 10 |
| SPT (11) | 39 | 2 | 22.12 | 5.97 | 4 |
| SAS (8) | 32 | 1 | 16.74 | 4.59 | 3 |
| SPA (12) | 44 | 3 | 21.53 | 6.03 | 8 |
| SSS (7) | 24 | 1 | 13.60 | 3.48 | 4 |
| Total (50) | 170 | 27 | 94.06 | 22.76 | 29 |
All data were acquired using a 5-point Likert scale (0–4). DREEM: Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure. SD: standard deviation. SPL: students' perception of learning; SPT: students' perception of teachers; SAS: students' academic self-perception; SPA: students' perception of atmosphere; SSS: students' social self-perception.