Table 4.
Correlation coefficients, average variances extracted (AVEs), and construct reliabilities (CRs) of subscales for the convergent validity and the discriminant validity.
| SPL | SPT | SAS | SPA | SSS | AVE | CR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPL | 1 | 0.55 | 0.87 | ||||
| SPT | 0.87 (0.76) | 1 | 0.54 | 0.83 | |||
| SAS | 0.92 (0.85) | 0.75 (0.56) | 1 | 0.54 | 0.74 | ||
| SPA | 0.97 (0.94) | 0.83 (0.69) | 0.92 (0.85) | 1 | 0.48 | 0.79 | |
| SSS | 0.82 (0.67) | 0.67 (0.45) | 0.80 (0.64) | 0.98 (0.96) | 1 | 0.5 | 0.63 |
The squares of correlation coefficients are expressed in parentheses. SPL: students' perception of learning; SPT: students' perception of teachers; SAS: students' academic self-perception; SPA: students' perception of atmosphere; SSS: students' social self-perception; AVE: average variance extracted; CR: construct reliability.