Table 2.

Themes (categories), subcategories, and codes related to nonmedical determinants associated with CHD in children based on mothers' perspectives.

Theme	Subtheme	Codes
Social contexts	Social harms	Father's seasonal unemployment
		Poverty of the mother's family since childhood
		Family poverty
		Father alcohol consumption
		Drug in parent families
		Father's tobacco consumption
		Father's smoking
		Gender discrimination
		Working mother since childhood
	Social interactions	Maternal social isolation
		Poor social networks
		Social exclusion due to migration
	Social necessities	Lack of access to appropriate educational facilities
		Lack of proper health, treatment, and medical facilities
		Lack of proper nutrition facilities
Psychological contexts	Mood disorders	Mother's distress
		Feeling of agitation
		Dysthymia and frustration
	Mental well-being	Lack of mental peace of the mother since childhood
		Deprivation of emotional support in mother
Cultural contexts	Unhealthy lifestyle	Nonuse of contraception which leads to unwanted pregnancy
		Improper use of drugs
		Disregard to medical measures
		Childbearing without background knowledge
		Indifference to the existence of congenital disorders in families
	Family culture	Forced childbearing
		Mother's second marriage
		Parental consanguineous marriage
		Kinship marriage of relatives
		Prevent of education
		Crowded family
		Humiliation of woman in the family
	Improper parental health behaviors	Maternal pregnancy after abortion
		Lack of timely information about the child's illness
		Lack of following up and treatment of former congenital anomalies
Environmental contexts	Living area	Very hot weather in the living area
		Crowded neighborhood
	Polluted air	Lack of safe drinking water
		The presence of dust in the air
		Dusty air