Table 6.
Association between biosecurity level and owner's demography and farm characteristics.
| Variable | Categories | Number of farms | Biosecurity status | Chi-square or Fisher's exact value | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good | Poor | |||||
| Farm ownership | Female only | 10 | 2 (20.0) | 8 (80.0) | 0.55a | 0.889 |
| Male only | 28 | 8 (28.6) | 20 (71.4) | |||
| Both male and female | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | |||
|
| ||||||
| Owner's educational level | Elementary and high school | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | 0.27a | 1.000 |
| Higher education | 26 | 7 (26.9) | 19 (73.1) | |||
| Not disclosed | 12 | 3 (25.0) | 9 (75.0) | |||
|
| ||||||
| Occupation | Trader† | 30 | 6 (20.0) | 24 (80.0) | 8.40a | 0.019∗ |
| Civil servant | 8 | 5 (62.5) | 3 (37.5) | |||
| Others | 6 | 0 (0.0) | 6 (100.0) | |||
|
| ||||||
| Experience in rearing chicken | Yes | 31 | 7 (22.6) | 24 (77.4) | 0.33a | 0.706 |
| No | 13 | 4 (30.8) | 9 (69.2) | |||
|
| ||||||
| Previous training on biosecurity | Yes | 24 | 9 (37.5) | 15 (62.5) | 4.40a | 0.044∗ |
| No | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Sources of poultry premises | Owned | 12 | 6 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | ||
| Rented | 32 | 5 (15.6) | 27 (84.4) | 5.50b | 0.019∗ | |
|
| ||||||
| Farm capacity | Small scale | 38 | 6 (15.8) | 32 (84.2) | 13.50a | 0.002∗ |
| Medium scale | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | |||
| Large scale | 3 | 3 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
|
| ||||||
| Farm type | Broilers only | 11 | 0 (0.0) | 11 (100.0) | 5.03a | |
| Layers only | 28 | 9 (32.1) | 19 (67.9) | |||
| Both broilers and layers | 5 | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | |||
†Businesses not linked with chicken, aFisher's exact value, bPearson's chi-square value, and ∗ significant (P < 0.05).