Fig. 5.

Simulation of the evolutionary shift based on the modified BEP model. a growth curve of a simulated tumor. Note that, as the population size p approaches 10⁵, which is the carrying capacity value in this example, the growth speed slows down. b Evolutionary snapshots of single-cell mutation profiles along the simulated tumor growth. The time points when the snapshots were obtained are indicated by empty circles on the growth curves. Rows and columns of the clustered single-cell mutations profile matrices denote mutations and cells, respectively. Top green bands represent a clone acquiring an explosive driver mutation, while the blue bands on the left represent driver mutations. Note that the driver mutation exists as subclonal mutations at the beginning but shifts to clonal mutations, as the clone acquiring the explosive driver mutation expands. This image was obtained by modifying a figure which originally appeared in our previous work [14]